1. What Every Pacific Island Leader Should Know About Climate Change Robert H. Richmond, Ph.D. Kewalo Marine Laboratory Pacific Biosciences Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa

2. Importance of Coral Reefs

3. Approximately 30% of Reefs Have Been Negatively Impacted by Human Activities

4. Nuclear Testing: Extreme/Acute Disturbance

5. Anthropogenic Disturbance Overfishing Coastal Pollution Recreational Impacts Erosion & Sedimentation

6. Global Climate Change Massive Regional Bleaching Events Alternate Stable States Ocean Acidification Irish Potato Famine of Reefs

7. Typhoons and Sea Level

8. Aragonite Saturation Levels in 1995 50°E 100°E 150°E 160°W 110°W 60°W 10°W Kleypas et al., 2006

9. Aragonite Saturation Levels in 2040 50°E 100°E 150°E 160°W 110°W 60°W 10°W Kleypas et al., 2006

10. Ocean acidification effects Fine and Tchernov, Science, 2007

11. Persistence and Perpetuation of Coral Reefs

12. N 050 100 Sediment plume Credits: Teina Rongo

13. Ngerikill Bay, Airai State – Republic of Palau

14. Changes in Community Characteristics

15. Future Scenarios

16. Community Meetings – Ngermeduu Bay

17. Local and Regional Capacity

18. Partnerships, Trust and Common Goals