1. Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Roundworms, mollusks, annelids
Invertebrates
Chapter 29 and 30
Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Roundworms, mollusks, annelids

2. Animal Kingdom Characteristics
- multicellular
- eukaryotic
- heterotrophs
- movement
- tissues

3. Body Plans
- Bilateral Symmetry- equal halves in one direction

4. Radial Symmetry
- 360 degrees; equal halves

5. - Asymmetry- cannot cut in equal halves

6. Body Development - Ectoderm- outside body layer- skin and hair
- Endoderm- inside body layer- digestive tract

7. - Mesoderm-
middle layer- muscles, blood and organs

8. - Types of Body Cavities:
1. Coelom- true body cavity
- surrounded by mesoderm

11. -2. Pseudocoelom- false cavity
- between mesoderm and endoderm

12. 3. Acoelomate
No body cavity.

13. Let’s Review.
What type of symmetry is this?

14. What type of symmetry?

15. Symmetry?

17. - Vertebrates- animals with backbones
- fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

19. - Invertebrates- animals without backbones
- sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, worms, echinoderms, arthropods

20. Sponges: Phylum Porifera
Asymmetrical – no symmetry
No tissues or organs (cells work together to perform a specific function
2 body layers: endo-, ecto-
Sessile – do not move
Variety of shapes and colors
Acoelemate – no body cavity

21. Variety of Sponges
                                       

22. Digestion of sponges Sponges are consumers
Feed on bacteria, algae, protozoans (filter feeders)

23. Sponge digestion continued:

24. Reproduction Either sexual or asexual
Asexual- fragmentation- each piece of sponge will grow into a complete new sponge
Sexual- hermaphrodite- produce both eggs and sperm- release into water at different times-sperm from one enters pores of other to fertilize eggs- External fertilization

25. Reproduction continued
Produces a zygote- free swimming larvae for a short time- attaches to surface- new sponge

26. Cnidarians- the stingers Coral

27. Characteristics of Cnidarians
Two Types:
Polyp – sessile, tube-like with tentacles ex. Coarl, sea anemone
Medusa – free swimming, umbrella shaped
Jellyfish
Has tissues – ecto-, endo-
Nematocysts – stinging cells on tentacles
Radial symmetry
acoelamate

28. B

29. How Cnidarians Get O2?
Diffusion
Have nervous tissue.

30. Reproduction
Asexual- budding- small extensions of body grow and then breaks away from parent
Sexual-some species are hermaphrodites
Others, female releases egg and male releases sperm into water- External fertilization

31. hydra

32. Portugese Man of War (colony)

33. Jelly fish

34. Sea anemone

35. Sea Anemones

36. Coral reef

37. Coral reefs
Structure
See diagram – oldest part is deeper. Newest is toward the top.
Live symbiotically with unicellular yellow brown algae- zooxanthellae

38. Benefit of Symbiotic Relationship: Coral gets:
food
(coral can also capture food with tentacles)
Algae gets:
Protection and access to sunlight

40. Coral Bleaching When coral ejects it’s algae- coral turns white
Coral doesn’t get enough food- dies

41. Coral bleaching due to:
Diseases
Increased Ultra violet radiation
Sedimentation
Pollution
Increased water temperatures
Direct destruction by humans- anchors, touching while diving

42. Bleached coral

43. Flatworms
Acoelomate
Bilateral symmetry

44. Platyhelminthes – flatworms

45. Characteristics of flatworms:
Can be parasitic, or free living
1 body opening
Hermaphrodites or asexual reproduction by regeneration: breaking in 2, and each becomes a new organism
Get O2 through skin- diffusion

47. Tapeworm Body Two parts: Attach to inside of intestines Parasite
Scolex – head
Proglottids – body sections
Attach to inside of intestines
Parasite
Ex. Beef tapeworm: become infected by eating raw beef.

48. Getting Beef tapeworm:

49. Blood fluke - causes Schitomiasis

51. Planeria Eyespots- light
Pharynx- extends like a straw, releases enzymes- breaks down food , sucks it up
Sensory pits on side of head, detect food, chemicals, and movement
Ability to regenerate

52. planeria

54. 29-4 Roundworms Pseudocoelum Tube within a tube body 2 body openings
Move in a side to side manner
parasites

55. Ex. Ascaris - hookworm Carried through human waste to soil
If ingested eggs enter large intestine – becomes larvae
Larvae bore through blood vessels
Back to the intestine to mate

56. Ascaris in pig intestine

57. Trichinella – pork roundworm
Causes Trichinosis
Eating improperly cooked pork

61. Lymphatic Filariasis

63. Mollusks and Annelids
Chapter 30

64. Mollusks Characteristics Invertebrates Larval stage
Marine, freshwater, terristrial
coelomates

65. Mollusks have 3 parts to body:
Visceral mass – contains organs
Mantle – tissue around visceral mass (secretes a shell)
Foot - locomotion

66. Other Mollusk characteristics:
Exoskeleton
Sometimes called a valve
Outer skeleton

67. Radula
(not in bivalves)
Tongue-like structure

68. Organ systems of mollusks:
Excretory – get rid of waste:
Open Circulatory System –heart pumps fluid through a series of vessels out into body cavity

69. Organ Systems of Mollusks
Reproduction – most have separate sexes, external fertilization
Respiration – use gills

70. 30-2 Groups of Mollusks Bivalves – “two valves”
Valves held together by strong muscles
No radula
Filter feeders
Examples: clams, oysters, scallops

71. Bivalve Photos

72. Gastropods Examples are snails and slugs Single shell or none
Use radula to scrape food off of rocks etc
Land snails – hermaphrodites, aquatic snails – separate sexes
Herbivores
Gills or lungs?

73. Cephalopods – “head footed”
Examples: squid, octopus
Large head with tentacles
Eyes
Marine predators (consumers)
Ink sac – for protection
Internal shell – pen
Brain present – complex
Skin can change color
gills

74. Phylum Annelida Segmented worms
Examples: earthworms, leeches, sandworms
Segmented body
Coelum
Bilateral symmetry
Abundant in all habitats

75. Organ Systems in Segmented Worms
Closed circulatory system
Excretory system – nephridia
Breath through skin
Bristles – setae
Reproduction – hermaphrodites

76. Digestion of Earthworm
Pathway of food:
Pharynx – soil enters
Esophagus -
Crop-storage
Gizzard- muscular for grinding soil
Intestines – absorption
anus

77. Groups of Annelids
Marine segmented worms

78. Leeches