1. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Updates to the ERICA Tool Barcelona – 10 th September 2014 www.er-alliance.org Nick Beresford & Justin Brown nab@ceh.ac.uk (NERC-CEH, UK)

2. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE ERICA Tool updates Since 2007 release have been updates  Typically addressing ‘bugs’

3. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Since 2007 release have been updates  Typically addressing ‘bugs’ The 2014 release will have more substantial updates  Default radionuclides  CR & k d values revised  Reference organisms  EMCL values ERICA Tool updates

4. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Radionuclides Added: Ba-140, Ca-45, Cr-51, Cf-252, Ir-192, La-140, Pa-231 & Zn-65 ERICA now consistent with ICRP (Publication 108 & 114) radionuclide lists for their developing RAP approach CRs, k d s, DCC & EMCLs generated for the new default radionuclides

5. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Added freshwater reptile  There are European protected freshwater reptile species Removed bird egg  Lack of CR values and inconsistent with other organisms Marine macroalgae – geometry now consistent with ICRP 108 (increase in mass from 0.0065 kg to 0.652 kg) Reference organisms

6. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Reference organisms Some changes in naming

7. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Transfer parameters December 2013 version of Wildlife Transfer Database used to revise ERICA Tool  Have used data at broad wildlife group level – no justification to use more refined categories on basis of analyses conducted to date

8. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Transfer parameters December 2013 version of Wildlife Transfer Database used to revise ERICA Tool  Have used data at broad wildlife group level – no justification to use more refined categories on basis of analyses conducted to date c. 1500 CR values required for the ERICA Tool

9. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE CR wo-media – what’s changed

10. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Wildlife Transfer Database On-line CR database compiled - initially under remit of IAEA EMRAS WG

11. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Evolution to the IAEA/ICRP ERICA New & review data USDOE R&D128 EPIC FASSET IAEA 422 Wildlife Database Canadian U-mine industry COG monitoring data Russian language literature SKB reports Japanese estuaries Australian data Data from new studies Post ERICA literature review........ and more ICRP 114 & IAEA TRS 479 86979 CR wo values 24883 CR wo-sediment 71 elements

12. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Publications See JER website for others ‘analysing’ database &

13. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Evolution since 2011 Wildlife Database ICRP 114 & IAEA TRS 479 86979 CR wo values 24883 CR wo-sediment c. 17,000 additional CR values added (>80 elements) Barnett et al in-press ‘UK RAP site’ Sheppard studies Canada NIRS estuarine data USA plant and invertebrate data (Napier) Review of Australian data (Hirth/Johansen) US weapons test sites Pu data (Johansen) STUK monitoring data Post 2011 literature (not comprehensive) QC Repeat entries Outliers investigated Conversion errors ERICA revision Some refs out BUT ID numbers will not be reused

14. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE http://www.wildlifetransferdatabase.org/

15. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Transfer parameters – ERICA Tool December 2013 version of Wildlife Transfer Database used to revise ERICA Tool  Have used data at broad wildlife group level – no justification to use more refined categories on basis of analyses conducted to date c. 1500 CR values required for ERICA Tool  Approximately 50% derived from empirical data  Extrapolation/Guidance approaches to provide missing data still required k d received less attention than CR  Tried to minimise previous use of marine k d s in freshwater ecosystems

16. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Extrapolation in ERICA 2014 Option 10 – includes approaches to derive pdf (mean and standard deviation)

17. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Will change in ERICA 2014 version Option 10 – includes approaches to derive missing pdfs (mean and standard deviation) Information on how derived is given in Tool Data for elements not included in Tool used to derive default values for options 4 & 5 where appropriate (e.g. Cu used to provide some Ag CR values)

18. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Example changes in CR Provisional

19. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Example changes in CR

20. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Example changes in CR

21. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Example changes in CR Provisional

22. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Example changes in CR

23. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Example changes in Kd

24. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Example changes in Kd

25. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Distributions CR and k d Where an SD available then lognormal distribution assumed Original ERICA Tool assumed exponential distributions when  no SD value for CR or k d  data extrapolation approach used to derive CR value This did not make best use of available information and can likely lead to some extreme EMCL estimates For revised Tool database Tried to derive default SD values when not available and hence assume lognormal & not exponential distributions

26. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Marine k d – distribution change e.g. Ag

27. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Marine k d – distribution change e.g. Ag

28. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Corrections in Tool Terrestrial amphibian and reptile – default occupancy now 100% in soil Lichen & bryophytes – all external DCCs recalculated

29. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Revised EMCL values The EMCL is the media activity concentration that gives rise to the screening dose rate (10 µGy/h) to the most exposed organism – used in Tier 1 All need to be recalculated using revised parameters (k d & CR (+ associated pdfs), occupancy, DCCs)

30. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Revised EMCL values - terrestrial

31. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Revised EMCL values

32. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Revised EMCL values

33. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Revised EMCL values Freshwater - water

34. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Revised EMCL values Freshwater - sediment Provisional

35. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Benchmarks 40 µGy/h will apply to aquatic mammals & birds

36. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Tier 2 – uncertainty factors Current UF values of 3 and 5 used  Intended to approximate 95 th and 99 th %ile RQs Paper published suggesting that these should be 7 & 28

37. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Tier 2 – uncertainty factors Demonstrated that UFs of 7 and 28 approximate to 97.5 and 99.5 th percentiles

38. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Future changes  Multiple site/time entry functionality  Revised IAEA SRS dispersion models  Include ICRP DCRLs  Dosimetry – half-life rules?  Rn models?  Noble gases?  SRS approach for continuous terrestrial releases?

39. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE On-line Q&A www.ceh.ac.uk/PROTECT/

40. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE On-line Q&A www.ceh.ac.uk/PROTECT/

41. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Refresher course Intending to run a short update course once new Tool version released under the STAR NoE Will try to do this as webinar To register an interest email clb@ceh.ac.ukclb@ceh.ac.uk Note also willing to tailor course to needs (e.g. two run in Australia)

42. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE See also: ICRER abstract on changes to the Wildlife Transfer Database: Beresford et al. P-104 ICRER abstract on updating Environmental Media Concentration Limits and Uncertainty factors in the ERICA Tool: Brown et al. P-127 From: https://intranet.pacifico- meetings.com/amsysweb/publicacionOnline.jsf?id =146https://intranet.pacifico- meetings.com/amsysweb/publicacionOnline.jsf?id =146

43. Copyright © 2014 ALLIANCE Thanks to: B. Alfonso (Facilia Sweden) D. Copplestone (University of Stirling, UK) A.Hosseini (NRPA, Norway) E. Dagher (CNSC, Canada) G. Hirth (ARPANSA, Australia) M. Johansen (ANSTO, Australia) J. Napier (University of Oregon, USA) I. Outola (STUK, Finland) S. Sheppard (ECOMatters, Canada) S. Uchida (NIRS, Japan) C. Wells, C.L. Barnett (NERC-CEH, UK)