1. CAST IRONS
Advantages and disadvantages of cast irons (in comparison with steels):
Advantages :
good castability (low Tm, good fluidility)
good machinability (graphite cast irons)
antivibration properties
low stress concentration
sensibility
Disadvantages :
high brittleness
non machinable (white cast iron, chilled cast iron)
cold brittleness (KV = 7 – 14 J, – 40°/+23°C)

2. Cast iron structure impactors
Chemical composition (C, Si, Mn) Si  graphite cast irons , Mn  white cast iron
Cooling rate
vjaht  white cast iron, chilled cast iron
 vjaht  grey cast iron
Modification
Mg, Ts, Ca  spheroidal graphite cast iron
Alloying
Mn  wear resistance
Si  corrosion resistance
Cr  high-temperature strength
Ni  corrosion resistance, with Cr, Si wear resistance

3. Structure diagrams of cast irons
Chemical composition and cooling rate
Chemical composition (C and Si%)

4. Classification and properties of cast irons (1)
Mechanical properties of main graphite cast irons
Types of cast irons
Rm, N/mm2 HB
A, %
Lamellar graphite (grey) c.i.
Spheroidal graphite c.i.
Mallable
(nest graphite) c.i.
100…450
350…1000
300…800
190…275
140…360
100…320
22…2
12…1,5

5. Classification and properties of cast irons (2)
Types of cast irons
Standard
Designation
Rm, N/mm2
Grey cast iron
EN 1561
EN-GJL
Spheroidal graphite cast iron
EN 1563
EN-GJS
Bainitic cast iron
EN 1564
Vermicular graphite cast iron
ISO 16112
ISO 16112/JV
Malleable cast iron
EN 1562
EN-GJMW EN-GJMB
Wear resistant cast iron
EN 12513
EN-GJN
1000
Cast steels
G-C G-XCrNi12

6. Heat treatment of cast irons (1)
Hardness of metallic ground mass
ferrite 100…160 HB
pearlite 180…220 HB
sorbite 220…300 HB
bainite 300…320 HB
martensite 380…600 HB
Grey cast iron heat treatment
Heat treatment
Metallic groundmass
in fin.
Hardness
Hardening 850…950 ºC
Tempering
P+F, P M, Tr, S
M, Tr Mnool
Trnool
Snool
HB  500
Increase of plasticity and toughness
Decrease of hardening stresses

7. Heat treatment of cast irons (2)
Heat treatment of spheroidal graphite/ malleable cast iron
Heat treatment
Tkar, ºC
Heat treatment, HRC
Hardening
Isothermal hardening
Tempering
900
850…880
150…170
380…400
530…550
600…650
In dependent of structure 20…60
300 ºC – 45
350 ºC – 35
400 ºC – 30
52…59
38…45
26…30
22…27

8. Designation system of cast irons (EN)
Designation and materials No. (1)
Grey cast iron EN-GJL L – lamellar G
Spheroidal graphite c.i. EN-GJS S – spheroidal G
Malleable cast iron EN-GJM M – malleable (temper G)
white EN-GJMW
black EN-GJMB
Grey cast iron (EN1561)
Rm based HB based
Designation
Material No
EN-GJL-100
-350
EN-JL1010
-JL1060
EN-GJL-HB155
-HB255
EN-JL2010
-JL2060

9. Designation and materials No. (2)
CAST IRONS
Designation and materials No. (2)
Spheroidal graphite cast iron (EN1563)
Rm ja A based HB based
Malleable cast iron (EN1562)
Rm ja A based
White Black
Designation
Material No
EN-GJS LT RT
-900-2
EN-JS1015
-JS1014
-JS1090
EN-GJS-HB130
-HB330
EN-JS2010
-JS2090
Designation
Material No
EN-GJMW-350-4
-550-4
EN-JM1010
-JM1050
EN-GJMB-300-6
-800-1
EN-JM1110
-JM1200

10. Bainitic cast iron (EN 1564) Designation Material No Application
CAST IRONS
Bainitic cast iron (EN 1564)
Designation Material No Application
EN-GJS EN-JS Highly stressed parts; wheel hubs,
EN-GJS EN-JS gear rings, ADI castings (austempered ductile cast iron)
Vermicular graphite c.i. (ISO 16112)
ISO 16112/JV/ Automotive parts gear housings
ISO 16112/JV/500
Wear resistant cast iron (EN 12513)
EN-GJN-HV350 EN-GJN Dressing rolls
dredging shovels
impellers for pumps

11. Cast steels Cast steel for general application (EN 10293) Designation
CAST IRONS
Cast steels
Cast steel for general application (EN 10293)
1) Cast steel for pressure vessels (for high and low temperatures – steam turbines, super heated steam armatures, also corrosion resistant)
Designation
Material No.
Condi-tion
Rm,
N/mm2
Rp, A, %
KV, J
GE200
1.0420
Norm
200 25 27
GE300
1.0558
300 15
G17Mn5
1.1131
Q + T
240 24 70
G28Mn6
1.1165
260 18
GXCrNi121)
1.4107 -
540
355 45
GX23CrMoV12-1
1.4931

12. Thank You for attention!