1. Ravi Vasdev 2210259 SEMINAR ON

2. WHAT ARE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS  THESE ARE SINGLE BOARD COMPUTERS  THESE ARE ELECTRONIC DEVICES THAT INCORPORATE MICROPROCESSORS  THESE DEVICES ARE CONTROLLED BY INSTRUCTIONS STORED IN A CHIP  PROGRAMMES ARE STORED IN THE ROM

3. TYPES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS TYPES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS  REACTIVE SYSTEMS  INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS  TRANSFORMATIONAL SYSTEMS

4. REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS WHAT ARE REAL TIME SYSTEMS  TAKE THE INPUT  PROCESS THE INPUT  GIVE THE REQUIRED RESULT  ALSO CONSIDER THE TIMING CONSTRAINTS

5. TYPES OF TIMING CONSTRAINTS  HARD TIME CONSTRAINT  SOFT TIME CONSTRAINT  FIRM TIME CONSTRAINT

6. HARD TIME CONSTRAINT  LATE & INCORRECT RESPONSE  LEADS TO SYSTEM FAILURE EXAMPLE  MEDICAL EQUIPMENT MONITORING

7. SOFT TIME CONSTRAINT  TIMELINESS REQUIREMENT  SYSTEM FAILURE – DEPENDS ON COMPUTATION TIME EXAMPLE  AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEMS

8. FIRM TIME CONSTRAINT  COMBINATION OF BOTH HARD & SOFT TIME CONSTRAINTS  SHORTER SOFT TIME REQUIRED  LONGER HARD TIME REQUIRED EXAMPLE  PATIENT VENTILATOR MECHANISM

9. REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM(RTOS) Correctness of the computations not only Correctness of the computations not only depends upon the logical correctness of the computation but also upon the time at the computation but also upon the time at which the result is produced. If the timing which the result is produced. If the timing constraints of the system are not met, system failure is said to have occurred.

10. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES USED FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEM  Assembly Language  C  C++  JAVA 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% AssemblyCC++JavaOther 2001-2002 2003-2004

11. FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE  A language compiler should be available for the chosen hardware architecture of the embedded system  Compilers should be available on multiple Operating systems and microprocessors

12. LINUX AND REAL –TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

13. EMBEDDED HARDWARE EMBEDDED HARDWARE  MICROPROCESSOR /MICROCONTROLLER  PDA  ROM  DRAM  LCD

14. TYPES OF ATTACKS ON EMBEDDED SYSTEM PRIMARY ATTACKS  PRIVACY ATTACKS  INTEGRITY ATTACKS  AVAILABILITY ATTACKS

15. SECONDARY ATTACKS  SOFTWARE ATTACKS  PHYSICAL ATTACKS  SIDE – CHANNEL ATTACKS

16. Attacks on the Embedded System Privacy Attacks Eavesdropping Micro probing (Physical Attacks) Integrity Attacks Fault Injection Timing Analysis (Side Channel Attacks) Availability Attacks Viruses Trojan Horse (Software Attacks)

17. COMMON SECURITY FUNCTIONS REQUIRED  USER IDENTIFICATION  SECURE NETWORK ACCESS  AVAILABILITY  SECURE STORAGE  CONTENT SECURITY  TEMPER RESISTANCE

18. BASIC SECURITY FUNCTIONS AVAILABILITY USER IDENTI- FICATION SECURE NETWORK ACCESS SECURE STORAGE CONTENT SECURITY TEMPER RESISTANCE

19. PRACTICES FOR SOFTWARE SECURITY APPLICABILITY SOFTWARE SECURITY APPLICABILITY REQUIREMENT LEVEL DESIGN & ARCHITECTURE LEVEL CODE LEVEL

20. APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS  FOR HEART BEAT RATE & OXYGEN CONTENT IN BLOOD  FOR GENERATION & MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT  FOR DISPLAYING THE RESULT

21. EXAMPLES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS  CHILDREN’S TOYS  COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS  COMPUTER PERIPHERALS  HOME APPLIANCES  MEDICAL IMAGING SYSTEMS  ROBOTS  PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS

22. PICTORIAL VIEW

24. WHY OPT FOR THIS TECHNOLOGY  Area of synergy between Hardware & Software  Reduce the size of the circuit

25. BIBLIOGRAPHY  Fundamentals of Embedded Software By Daniel W. Lewis  Electronics For You  www.howstuffworks.com