1. Education Commission of the States House Committee Meeting on School Finance Springfield, Illinois April, 2015 Michael Griffith School Finance Consultant Education Commission of the States

2.  Created by states, for states, in 1965 to track state policy trends, translate academic research, provide unbiased advice and create opportunities for state leaders to learn from one another.  53 member states, territories and the District of Columbia  Contact: www.ecs.org (303) 299.3600www.ecs.org 2

3. Education Commission of the States School Funding Presentation  Overview of state funding formulas  Promising practices  Questions & answers 3

4. Education Commission of the States School Funding Formulas Foundation Programs (33) (38) Resource Allocation Systems (6) (6) Combination (5) Other (6)

5. Education Commission of the States Foundation Formula (33 States) 1.Determine foundation/base amount 2.Count students with weights 3.Multiply student count by the foundation amount 4.Determine state vs. local split 5.Add on outside funding (capital, transportation, other) 5

6. Education Commission of the States Why do so Many States Use a Foundation Formula  Easy to establish  Easily adjusted to meet a state’s/district’s educational needs and economic circumstances  Provides districts with greater autonomy in decision making 6

7. Education Commission of the States Resource Allocation System (6 states) 1.Identify education components 2.Cost-out each component 3.Calculate the amount of resources that each district should receive 4.Determine state vs. local split 5.Add on outside funding (capital, transportation, other) 7

8. Education Commission of the States Why Have States Adopted Resource Allocation Systems?  Clarity in the amount of resources that a district/school receives from the state  States can use this system to dictate the number of teachers (and other resources) that should be in a school 8

9. Education Commission of the States Why Haven’t More States Adopted This System?  It is seen by some as a “top-down” system  No matter how many components you put into the system, you may miss some  Calculating the cost of each “education component” is time consuming, both for the state and districts 9

10. Education Commission of the States Promising Practices Massachusetts: Chapter 70 Year Adopted: 1993 How is it calculated: The formula uses a system of costs per student Complexity: Chapter 70 funding is more complicated than foundation formulas but produces similar results Educational Results: The funding system was adopted in the same year as the state’s new accountability/ assessment system 10

11. Education Commission of the States Massachusetts – Chapter 70 Calculation for a General Ed. Elementary Student – FY 2015 Elementary Student Administration$359 Instructional Leadership$649 Teachers$2,976 Other Teach Services$763 Pro Development$118 Instructional Equip & Tech$431 Guidance & Psychology$217 Pupil Services$129 Operation & Maintenance$827 Employee Benefits$745 Total $7,214 11

12. Education Commission of the States Promising Practices Maryland Year Adopted: 2002 How is it calculated: The new system uses a two-tiered foundation approach Straightforward: 27 categorical programs were eliminated Educational results: Districts must now enter into agreements with the state about standards for student performance 12

13. Education Commission of the States Promising Practices Rhode Island Year Adopted: 2010 How is it calculated: Base funding is the average funding amount for CT, MA, N.H. & R.I. A Focus on At-risk Students: The formula has two different provisions that provide additional funding for at-risk students Phased-in Approach: The formula will be phased in over a 7 to 10 year period Educational results: Additional funding targeted toward student achievement 13

14. Education Commission of the States For More Information 14 Michael Griffith Education Commission of the States 700 Broadway, Suite 810 Denver, Colorado 80203 (303) 299-3600 www.ecs.org mgriffith@ecs.org