1. Accelerating Smart Grid Standards Development
File copy provided by
Accelerating Smart Grid Standards Development
Keeping the Lights On:
Strategies for Compatibility and Interoperability in Electrical Power Networks
Dr. David Wollman
Leader, Smart Grid Team - Standards
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
October 27, 2011

2. File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Outline
Introduction
US Grid and Drivers
NIST Role within Smart Grid
Accelerating Smart Grid Standards
NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework, Release 1&2
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)
International Coordination
Research and Standards Acceleration Examples
Phasor Measurement Units
Electric power meters, building control systems, …

3. File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Outline
Introduction
US Grid and Drivers
NIST Role within Smart Grid
Accelerating Smart Grid Standards
NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework, Release 1&2
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)
International Coordination
Research and Standards Acceleration Examples
Phasor Measurement Units
Electric power meters, building control systems, …

4. North American Electric Grid
File copy provided by
North American Electric Grid
US is 22% of world consumption
3,200 electric utility companies
17,000 power plants
800 gigawatt peak demand
165,000 miles of high-voltage lines
6 million miles of distribution lines
140 million meters
$1 trillion in assets
$350 billion annual revenues

5. Worldwide Investment in the Grid
File copy provided by
Worldwide Investment in the Grid
International Energy Agency estimates:
$10 trillion over next 20 years
50% in generation
50% in transmission and distribution
Does not count customer-side investments
NIST is leading and accelerating international standards-setting through bilateral and multilateral engagements

6. Smart Grid – A National Priority
File copy provided by
Smart Grid – A National Priority
“It is the policy of the United States to support the modernization of the Nation's electricity [system]… to achieve…a Smart Grid.” Congress, Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
“We’ll fund a better, smarter electricity grid and train workers to build it…” President Obama
“To meet the energy challenge and create a 21st century energy economy, we need a 21st century electric grid…” Secretary of Energy Steven Chu
“A smart electricity grid will revolutionize the way we use energy, but we need standards …” Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke
New Secretary of Commerce John Bryson – former CEO in energy sector
Smart Grid Enables:
Higher Penetration of Renewables
Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles
Consumers to Control Energy Bills
Efficient Grid Operations & Reduced Losses
Reduced Distribution Outages
Improved System Reliability & Security

7. What Will the Smart Grid Look Like?
File copy provided by
What Will the Smart Grid Look Like?
Energy management systems
Dynamic pricing
High use of variable renewables
Distributed generation and microgrids
Electric vehicles
Distributed storage
Bidirectional metering
Smart appliances
Smart meters and real time usage data
Ubiquitous networked sensors

8. National Institute of Standards and Technology
File copy provided by
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Non-regulatory agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce
Originally National Bureau of Standards (established 1901)
NIST Laboratories research activities at two main campuses
Gaithersburg, Maryland and Boulder, Colorado
$515M for Laboratories; over 2800 employees (3 Nobel prizes), 2600 associates, U.S. National Metrology Institute
Strong partnerships with industry, academia, government
Research, calibrations, standard reference materials, data …
Physical, Material Measurements, Engineering, IT Labs

9. NIST Roles in the Smart Grid
File copy provided by
NIST Roles in the Smart Grid
Measurement research
Metering
Wide area monitoring (synchrophasors)
Power electronics
Building energy management
Others …
Standards (EISA role)
Interoperability
Cybersecurity

10. File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Standards – Key Aspect of US Policy
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
- Directs U.S. Federal Agencies to use voluntary consensus standards developed by consensus standards bodies, where possible
- Encourages U.S. Gov’t participation in voluntary consensus standards bodies when compatible with missions, authorities, etc.
- Directs NIST to coordinate Federal standards and conformity assessment activities with those of the private sector 10

11. File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Standards – Key Aspect of US Policy
The Energy Independence and Security Act gives NIST “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”
The NSTC Subcommittee on Smart Grid Policy’s “A Policy Framework for the 21st Century Grid: Enabling Our Secure Energy Future” recognizes the Federal Government’s role to catalyze the development and adoption of open standards.
Congress directed that the framework be “flexible, uniform, and technology neutral”
Use of these standards is a criteria for federal Smart Grid Investment Grants
Input to federal and state regulators

12. File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Standards – Key Aspect of US Policy
The Energy Independence and Security Act gives NIST “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”
Key Federal policy recommendations:
Enable cost-effective smart grid investments
Unlock innovation
Empower and inform consumers
Secure the grid
Congress directed that the framework be “flexible, uniform, and technology neutral”
Use of these standards is a criteria for federal Smart Grid Investment Grants
Input to federal and state regulators

13. US Government Roles in Smart Grid
File copy provided by
US Government Roles in Smart Grid
Federal
Office of Science & Technology
Policy; National Economic Council;
& Council on Environmental Quality
Smart Grid Task Force /
National Science &
Technology Council
Smart Grid
Subcommittee
Other Federal
Agencies (EPA, …)
Federal
Energy
Regulatory
Commission
FERC – NARUC
Smart Response Collaborative
State
Public Utility Commissions 13

14. US Smart Grid Investment Grants
File copy provided by
Category
$ Million
Integrated/Crosscutting
2,150
AMI
818
Distribution
254
Transmission
148
Customer Systems 32
Manufacturing 26
Total
3,429
Geographic Coverage of Selected Projects
18 million smart meters
1.2 million in-home display units
206, smart transformers
177, load control devices
170, smart thermostats
networked phasor measurement units
automated substations
PEV charging stations
SGIG Topic Areas

15. File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Outline
Introduction
US Grid and Drivers
NIST Role within Smart Grid
Accelerating Smart Grid Standards
NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework, Release 1&2
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)
International Coordination
Research and Standards Acceleration Examples
Phasor Measurement Units
Electric power meters, building control systems, …

16. NIST Three Phase Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability
File copy provided by
NIST Three Phase Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability
PHASE 1
Identify an initial set of existing consensus standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps
PHASE 2
Establish Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) public-private forum with governance for ongoing efforts
PHASE 3
Conformity Framework (includes Testing and Certification)
Summer 2009 Workshops
Draft Framework Sept 2009
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel Established Nov 2009
Technical information to support regulators
NIST Interoperability Framework 1.0
Released Jan 2010
SGIP meetings
2009
2010
2011

17. NIST Smart Grid Framework and Roadmap 1.0
File copy provided by
NIST Smart Grid Framework and Roadmap 1.0
Published January 2010
Extensive public input and review
Completed in Less than 1 year
Smart Grid Vision & Reference Model
Identified 75 existing standards
16 Priority Action Plan Projects are filling key gaps
Companion Cyber Security Strategy
Smart Grid Domains
Release 2.0 now open for Public Comment (Federal Register Notice, Oct 25)

18. SGIP Stakeholder Categories
File copy provided by
SGIP Stakeholder Categories 1
Appliance and consumer electronics providers 2
Commercial and industrial equipment manufacturers and automation vendors 3
Consumers – Residential, commercial, and industrial 4
Electric transportation industry Stakeholders 5
Electric utility companies – Investor Owned Utilities (IOU) 6
Electric utility companies - Municipal (MUNI) 7
Electric utility companies - Rural Electric Association (REA) 8
Electricity and financial market traders (includes aggregators) 9
Independent power producers 10
Information and communication technologies (ICT) Infrastructure and Service Providers 11
Information technology (IT) application developers and integrators 12
Power equipment manufacturers and vendors 13
Professional societies, users groups, and industry consortia 14
R&D organizations and academia 15
Relevant Government Agencies 16
Renewable Power Producers 17
Retail Service Providers 18
Standard and specification development organizations (SDOs) 19
State and local regulators 20
Testing and Certification Vendors 21
Transmission Operators and Independent System Operators 22
Venture Capital

19. File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
SGIP Organization
Governing Board
SGIP Officers
NIST
SGIP Administrator
Standing Committees &
Working Groups
Test & Certification
Committee
(SGTCC)
Architecture
(SGAC)
Cyber Security
Working Group
(CSWG)
Priority Action Plan Teams
PAP 1
PAP 2
PAP 3
PAP 4
PAP …
PAP 17
Domain Expert Working Groups
BnP
H2G
B2G
Coordination Functions
Program
Mgmt
Office
(PMO)
Comm.
Marketing
Education
(CME)
Bylaws &
Operating
Procedures
(BOP)
TnD
I2G
PEV2G
Electromagnetic Interoperability Issues
SGIP Membership 19

20. Energy Usage Information Standard
File copy provided by
Energy Usage Information Standard
Standardizes data elements available to consumers or authorized 3rd party application providers
Work initiated (SGIP PAP10) - July 2009
Requirements finalized - June 2010
Standard developed and published by NAESB - December 2010
Follow on Standardization Energy Service Provider Interface (ESPI) – Oct 2011

21. Cyber Security Working Group
File copy provided by
Cyber Security Working Group
Permanent Working Group
Over 650 public and private sector participants
August 2010 NIST publishes: Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security
Risk assessment guidance for implementers
Recommended security requirements
Privacy recommendations
Collaborating with:
DOE NESCOR on SEP 1.0 and 1.1 guidance
DOE/NERC/NIST on risk management document
NERC Task Force on Cybersecurity 21

22. NIST & SGIP Activities Going Forward
File copy provided by
NIST & SGIP Activities Going Forward
Framework Release 2.0 – receive comments, resolve, publish final version
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel
Executing work program
Process improvements to address utility concerns
Testing and certification programs
Cybersecurity standards and guidelines
Continuing engagement with FERC and state regulators on standards matters
Additional outreach and engagement with international standards organizations and government-government interactions

23. SGIP International Collaboration Objectives
File copy provided by
SGIP International Collaboration Objectives
Help provide leadership to the global community of smart grid interoperability stakeholders.
Coordination with different national Smart Grid efforts to encourage alignment and minimize issues surrounding harmonization and interoperability.
Outreach to discover (and coordinate with) people and organizations with smart grid interoperability needs and interests, bring awareness to the SGIP effort and encourage partnership in regions where access to North American meetings may be difficult.
Leverage resources and expedite work to address common gaps shared across different regions of the world, learn from other Smart Grid successes and failures, and share those experiences through the SGIP.
Increase international participation in the SGIP in its unique role as a facilitating organization that works with all standards development groups.
Provide a forum to discuss ways to effectively engage developers of smart grid international standards, irrespective of where such people are located.

24. Outreach and Engagement Examples
File copy provided by
Outreach and Engagement Examples
George Arnold, National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability, NIST
Work within Standards Development Organizations
Mix of leadership, technical involvement
Liaisons examples
IEC Strategy Group 3 – NIST liaison
CEN-CENELEC-ETSI SG-Coordination Group – NIST liaison, draft white paper completed, focus on architectures
ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Grid – NIST liaison
IEEE – NIST liaison
ISO, ISGAN, etc.
SGIP membership, Letters of Intent
SGIP International Task Force established to address international collaboration and cooperation

25. File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Outline
Introduction
US Grid and Drivers
NIST Role within Smart Grid
Accelerating Smart Grid Standards
NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework, Release 1&2
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)
International Coordination
Research and Standards Acceleration Examples
Phasor Measurement Units
Electric power meters, building control systems, …

26. Real-time Data Management Needs
File copy provided by
Real-time Data Management Needs
Smart Meters
Synchro Phasors
Embedded Sensors
Distributed Generation Output
Building Automation
Wide Area Situational Awareness
Monitors the health of the electric power grid
Will reduce blackouts and interruptions
Make operation of the grid more efficient
Priority in FERC policy statement

27. NIST Research: SynchroMetrology Laboratory
File copy provided by
NIST Research: SynchroMetrology Laboratory
Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) provide situational awareness and advance warning for grid operations
NIST has unique PMU calibration special test service
NIST has provided measurement assistance to manufacturers and utilities on design, testing and use of PMUs, and has helped to evaluate and improve standards.
Example: Mandatory testing of PMUs to be used in Brazil

28. North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI)
File copy provided by
North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI)
(Quebec Interconnection)
Western Interconnection
Project sponsored by DOE and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)
Promoting “better use of measurements and information to improve system performance”
NIST important contributor, lead of performance requirements team
NASPI provides input to standards process (IEEE)
Eastern Interconnection
Where are best places to put PMUs? Security? Data concentrators
Florida Reliability Coordinating Council (FRCC)
Midwest Reliability Organization (MRO)
Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC)
ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC)
SERC Reliability Corporation (SERC)
Southwest Power Pool, RE (SPP)
Texas Regional Entity (TRE)
Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC)
Western Interconnection
Eastern Interconnection
Texas/TRE/ERCOT Interconnection
NERC Reliability Regions

29. NIST Research: SynchroMetrology Laboratory
File copy provided by
NIST Research: SynchroMetrology Laboratory
North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPInet)
Developed PMU test methods under dynamic conditions (changing frequency and phase) for inclusion in IEEE C standard
Developing test methods for PMU calibrators, adding capability to test PMUs with 1588 synchronization capability
Introduction of message transmission of synchrophasor data using IEC substation automation standard

30. NIST Static PMU Calibration System
File copy provided by
NIST Static PMU Calibration System

31. NIST Dynamic PMU Test System
File copy provided by
Testbed Synchronized to UTC
Generates signals modulated in amplitude, and frequency / phase
Generates steps in magnitude, phase, or freq.

32. NIST Research: Electric Power Metering
File copy provided by
NIST Research: Electric Power Metering
All electric energy (kilowatt-hours) sold in the U.S. (over $300 Billion/year) is traceable to NIST Electric Power Laboratory
ANSI C12 standards for electricity metering, typically mandated in the U.S. by state Public Utility Commissions (PUCs)
NIST chair of ANSI C12 main committee (NEMA)
Project leader of Power & Energy research/calibration service
Quantum watt: successfully tied electric power to quantum standards (major development effort: DSP-based waveform generator, world’s best voltage amplifier, AC Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard) - uncertainties decreased from 15 to 2 ppm
Future: three phase power, distorted power
Some ANSI C12 are metrology standards, relating to the accuracy of the measurements; others are communication standards related to automatic meter reading. Three phase power: C12 now allows for simultaneous testing of 3 phases versus historically only allowing for single phase series testing of 3 phase meters. NIST 3 phase meter measurement lab needed. Distorted power: Clear need for defining real-world distorted waveform tests, with NIST to lead the effort to perform research into waveform metrology for non-sinusoidal waveforms. Lead efforts for definitions of active and reactive energy for 3 phase applications under non-sinusoidal waveforms. Develop standardized non-sinusoidal waveforms for testing meters for errors related to distorted waveforms. Active power factor correction
Energy Star example (if time)

33. NIST Research: Building Automation Control
File copy provided by
NIST Research: Building Automation Control
Addressing the role of the building in the smart grid:
72% of all electricity is consumed by building system loads.
NIST building smart grid research is focused on grid-aware energy management in complex facilities.
Research leads to information models that enable communication standards for the Smart Grid
Building systems control strategies for load, generation and storage management
Net-zero residential building testbed
Islanding strategies for graceful degradation of building system performance during grid outages
NIST Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed

34. Smart Grid Challenges and Opportunities
File copy provided by
Smart Grid Challenges and Opportunities
Metering
Bidirectional metering, testbeds…
Sensors and automated control
PMUs, time synchronization, distributed sensors…
Smart Grid architecture and operations
Research/modeling of grid stability (load/generation)
Microgrids, …
Power Electronics
Electromagnetic Compatibility/Interference
Energy Efficiency
Integration with Net-Zero Buildings
Cybersecurity
Electric Vehicles/Storage
Communication protocols
Testing and certification activities, many others …

35. File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Contact info
Dr. David Wollman NIST Smart Grid and Cyber-Physical Systems Office U.S. Department of Commerce Dr. George Arnold National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability