1. MELISSA HEBERT-JOHNSON, BLACK HAWK COLLEGE INFUSING SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES INTO THE UNDERGRADUATE CURRICULUM

2. Project scope  Survey of Indian architecture emphasis on temple and monumental structures) through Mughal/Rajput period  2-3 session unit for Survey of Non- Western Art  1-2 session unit for History of Art

3. Desired outcomes of project  Expand number and variety of structures for use in survey  Incorporate Indian architectural theory into discussion of structures  Utilize sanskrit or other local terms for architectural elements  Expand discussion of temple usage, rituals  Create new discussion questions and essay assignments

4. Types of structures  Stupas  Jaina temples  Hindu temples  Mosques  Tombs  Forts  Dwellings

5. Representative Monuments  Mohenjo-Daro, 2600-1750 BCE Mohenjo-Daro  Mahastupa, Sanchi, begun 3 rd century BCE, rebuilt 150 BCE Mahastupa  Dhamek Stupa, Sarnath, 500 CE Dhamek Stupa  Chaitya Hall, Karli, 1 st century BCE-1 st century CE Chaitya Hall  Vishnu Temple, Deogarh, ca 530 CE Vishnu Temple  Cave-Temple of Shiva, Elephanta, c 550 Cave-Temple of Shiva  Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho, c 950 CE Lakshmana Temple  Kandariyā Mahādevā Temple, Khajuraho, c 1000 CE Kandariyā Mahādevā Temple  Konark Sun Temple (Black Pagoda), 13 th century Konark Sun Temple  Parsavanath Temple, Khajuraho, c 14 th -15 th century CE Parsavanath Temple  Jain Temple of Ranakpur, Rajasthan, early 15 th century Jain Temple of Ranakpur  Buland Darwaza and Jami Masjid complex, Fatehpur Sikri, 1572 Buland Darwaza  Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi,1562 Humayun’s Tomb  Red Fort, Delhi, 17 th century Red Fort  Mînakshi Sundareswarar Temple, Madurai, ca 1600 Mînakshi Sundareswarar Temple  Taj Mahal, Agra, 1653 Taj Mahal  Jama Masjid, Delhi, 1656 CE Jama Masjid

6. Fundamentals of South Asian architecture  Vāstu śāstra  Vāstu puru ṣ a mandala  Invocations (Lord Vishvakarma)  architectural principles orientation ratio/measurement  elements common to temples: mandala mandapas vimāna/śikhara gharba griha

7. Some Themes and Points for Comparison  Geometry: circle and square  Astrology  Numerology  Axis mundi  Divine architect

8. Projects  Short essay: Analyze the adherence of a modern Indian temple (or Hindu/Buddhist temple in the west) for its adherence to ancient architectural principles.  Short essay: There is a contemporary movement in dwelling architecture to build according to architectural theory of the vāstu śāstra/vidya. Do you think this movement fulfills a more traditional implementation of the principles of the vāstu śāstra? Or would you characterize it as a “new age” reinterpretation?  Short essay: Choose a monument (Jaina, Buddhist, Hindu) and retroactively apply what you know of the vāstu śāstra principles to the structure.  Longer paper: Compare the theoretical architectural principles of Indian architecture with another Western architectural tradition. Are there parallels in the theoretical ideas of these two traditions? What about in their formal principles?

9. Primary Sources (in translation)  Vāstu Shastra/Vidya Rig Veda Mayamata Manasara Samarangana Sutradhara Rajavallabha Vishvakarmaprakasha Aparajitaprccha

10. Secondary Sources  Chakrabarti, Vibhuti, Indian architectural theory: contemporary uses of vastu vidya. Delhi : Oxford University, 1999.  Hardy, Adam, The temple architecture of India. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007.  Sahai, Surendra, Indian architecture:Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain. New Delhi: Prakash Books, 2006.

11. Timeline/Thematic Sections  Indus River Valley/Harappan culture (ca 3000-1700 BCE)  Vedic Period (ca 1500-500 BCE) *  Maurya Period (322-185 BCE)  Shunga Period (2 nd - 1 st centuries BCE)  Andhra Period (Central & South) (50-320 CE)  Kushan Period (North) (30-320 CE)  Gupta Period (320-500 CE)  Post-Gupta Period (550-950 CE)  Early Medieval Period (900-1200 CE)  Chola Period (South) (850-1250 CE)  Delhi Sultanate (13 th -14 th centuries CE)  Mughal Period (16 th -18 th centuries CE)  Rajput Period (15 th -19 th centuries CE)