1. 2006/07/06The 7 roads to iDRM1 Leonardo Chiariglione 5 th dmin.it meeting Milan – 2006/07/06

2. 2006/07/06The 7 roads to iDRM2 1.Define a national/European/global DRM standard 2.Support “all technologies” in an implementation 3.Operate a “conversion box” between DRM systems 4.Make the specifications of all used DRM systems public 5.Apply Alternative Compensation Systems 6.Release “marked” content only 7.Enable an open DRM platform next to freely deployed closed DRM systems

3. 2006/07/06The 7 roads to iDRM3 1 – Define a DRM standard Assumptions A national/European/global organisation defines a DRM standard Use of that standard is mandated in a jurisdiction Advantages Total interoperability is achieved within value chains and across value chains Problems What is a DRM standard (on line, interactive, broadcast...) A standard today is obsolete tomorrow.. We no longer live in such an age... (sigh?)

4. 2006/07/06The 7 roads to iDRM4 2 – Support “all technologies” Assumptions An implementation supports all DRM technologies required for use in an environment The law may impose an obligation to allow access to a DRM technology if a request is made Advantages Interoperability is achieved in the target context Problems There is a lot of technologies already today and more technologies are added by the day The cost of the system is prohibitive as each technology has an attached IPR A given technology may be the one enabling a particular DRM system which the owner may not wish to release

5. 2006/07/06The 7 roads to iDRM5 3 – Operate a “conversion box” between DRM systems Assumptions There are multiple companies doing the job of converting content/service under a given DRM A to a content/service under another DRM B User access the (on line) conversion service they need The law may impose an obligation to allow access to a DRM technology if a request is made Advantages A user can access the chosen content/service via a suitable conversion service provider Problems The user must be online What is the business model that works (who pays: service provider, user,...) Not all conversions are possible (from a new to an old system, unsupported system,...) The owner of a DRM system may wish not to allow conversion

6. 2006/07/06The 7 roads to iDRM6 4 – Make all specifications of DRM systems in use public and usable Assumptions The law establishes that all DRM specifications in use must be published The law may impose an obligation to allow access to a DRM technology if a request is made Advantages “Anybody” can implement “any” DRM system Users can buy hardware/software/services to access the content/service they want Problems Who is responsible for leakages A DRM system is an integral part of a business model that governs what must be open or closed

7. 2006/07/06The 7 roads to iDRM7 5 – Apply Alternative Compensation Systems Assumptions All contents are feely released All used content is “counted” All citizens in a jurisdiction pay a tax to access released content The proceedings of the tax are distributed to rights holders in proportion to the use of their content Advantages Very effective ways of giving unrestricted access to information and knowledge to all citizens Problems Requires setting up a state-administered DRM platform

8. 2006/07/06The 7 roads to iDRM8 6 – Release “marked” content only Assumptions Contents is released with the identity of the buyer embedded in the content Advantages Nothing changes compared with today’s use of content Self-regulating system Buyers are restrained from putting content on a P2P network Rights holders have the task of policing their content Problems If implemented using watermarking the solution today is technically weak (and likely to remain so) If implemented using other technologies it requires a full-scale DRM solution There are privacy problems

9. 2006/07/06The 7 roads to iDRM9 7- DRM platform next to closed DRM Assumptions Anybody can set up his own value chain using the DRM technology that best suits his business model All content released in a jurisdicition “must” also be made available on an iDRM platform for that jurisdiction Advantages Content creators can access a distribution system that can provide remuneration Intermediaries can plug in the platform and offer their services have almost no limitation to their freedom of enterprise Users can get the content they want, where they want, when they want, on the device they want Problems The nature of the DRM platform is still to be defined as there is no “one size fits all” in DRM A certification and registration infrastructure must be established Some level of legislation is required There must be an entity “overseeing” the platform