1. AP Lang December 3-4 I can evaluate sample essays using the AP scoring rubric. I can edit sentences for mistakes in mechanics and pronoun reference. I can use previous knowledge about a character to speculate what kind of aphorisms he would have appreciated and justify those speculations. I can understand the tenets of a literary movement. I can analyze the argument in a poem.

2. Pronouns and number agreement refer to English in a nutshell page 704, rule 1 The macaroni and cheese were delicious, I ate two servings of them. If Joann and Benjamin call tell her that I will not be home until this evening. Either Renaldo or Philip always finishes their geometry homework in class. Neither the back up singers or the lead vocalist was satisfied with her performance.

3. What do you notice in the painting? George Washington Gilbert Stuart, 1796 Called the “Lansdowne” portrait because it was painted for the Marquis of Lansdowne Connection to Dolley Madison?

4. Take a closer look http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm ons/c/c4/Gilbert_Stuart_- _George_Washington_- _Google_Art_Project_(6966745).jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm ons/c/c4/Gilbert_Stuart_- _George_Washington_- _Google_Art_Project_(6966745).jpg

5. 40 minutes rhetorical analysis Remember: SOAPSTone the introduction (You can use your power point handout.) – 1. Speaker, Occasion, and Subject – 2. Purpose – 3. Audience – 4. Thesis Organize your body paragraphs using Claim, Evidence, Commentary/Analysis Your conclusion should address a “So What?” question. What is the universal concern in the piece? Why should we care about the passage?

6. Read “The World is too much with us” How is the poem related to Into the Wild? Romanticism: – A movement in art and literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in revolt against the Neoclassicism of the previous centuries...The German poet Friedrich Schlegel, who is given credit for first using the term romantic to describe literature, defined it as "literature depicting emotional matter in an imaginative form." This is as accurate a general definition as can be accomplished, although Victor Hugo's phrase "liberalism in literature" is also apt. Imagination, emotion, and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. Any list of particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism includes subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; spontaneity; freedom from rules; solitary life rather than life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason and devotion to beauty; love of and worship of nature; and fascination with the past, especially the myths and mysticism of the middle ages. – English poets: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats – American poets: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allen Poe, Henry David Thoreau, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman Neoclassicism and The Age of Reason: – The dominant literary movement in England during the late seventeenth century and the eighteenth century, which sought to revive the artistic ideals of classical Greece and Rome. Neoclassicism was characterized by emotional restraint, order, logic, technical precision, balance, elegance of diction, an emphasis of form over content, clarity, dignity, and decorum. Its appeals were to the intellect rather than to the emotions, and it prized wit over imagination. As a result, satire and didactic literature flourished, as did the essay, the parody, and the burlesque. In poetry, the heroic couplet was the most popular verse form. Writers: John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Joseph Addison, and Samuel Johnson.

7. Indefinite pronouns Some indefinite pronouns are singular, some plural, and some can be either singular or plural, depending on how they are used in the text. Singular Indefinite Pronouns – anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, and something – In informal situations, plural pronouns are often used to refer to singular antecedents that can be either masculine or feminine. Example: Everybody stayed late at the dance because they were enjoying themselves. Plural Indefinite Pronouns – both, few, many, several Either singular or plural – all, any, more, most, none, some

8. Edit for mistakes in mechanics and pronoun antecedent agreement. Each of the girls has prepared their presentation for ap biology. Somebody should speak up, and give their opinion. Neither of the kittens has opened their eyes yet. One of the girls left their sweater on the bus. Has anyone brought their compass today asked the geometry teacher.

9. A Block Only: Evaluate last year’s RA essays In small groups, rank the essays from highest to lowest. Read the scoring guide: What distinguishes the scores? What scores would you assign the essays you ranked? Why? Where does your essay fall? Write your anticipated score at the end of your essay. Give a one-two sentence justification for your grade. On a half-sheet of paper, reflect on your writing. What are your strengths in writing the essay? With what areas do you feel less confident?

10. Romanticism Read the poem “The World is too Much With Us” by William Wordsworth. Besides the form of the text, how is it different from what we have been reading? What argument is made in the poem? How is the argument made? How does it relate to Into the Wild?

11. The Romantic Period An Introduction

12. Dates Traditionally, the Romantic Period is dated from 1798 (the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads) until 1832 (the First Reform Bill in England). Traditionally, the Romantic Period is dated from 1798 (the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads) until 1832 (the First Reform Bill in England).

13. Dates (continued) Holman and Harmon use a slightly different approach: Holman and Harmon use a slightly different approach: – 1798-1870 Romantic Periods 1798-1832 Age of the Romantic Movement 1798-1832 Age of the Romantic Movement 1832-1870 Early Victorian Age 1832-1870 Early Victorian Age

14. First Generation Romantic Poets Blake--sometimes considered a Romantic precursor Blake--sometimes considered a Romantic precursor Wordsworth Wordsworth Coleridge Coleridge Scott Scott

15. Second Generation Byron Byron Shelley Shelley Keats Keats

16. Historical Context Romantic poetry a reflection of and response to a very turbulent time in British history: Romantic poetry a reflection of and response to a very turbulent time in British history: – Industrial Revolution – French Revolution (1789) and Napolonic Wars (Waterloo 1815)

17. Historical Context (cont.) Debates over abolition of slavery Debates over abolition of slavery Early debates over rights and social roles of women Early debates over rights and social roles of women Debates and violent protests over rights of working class Debates and violent protests over rights of working class

18. Historical Context (cont.) Beginnings of various social movements to improve lot of lower classes (e.g., education, housing, working conditions for women and children) Beginnings of various social movements to improve lot of lower classes (e.g., education, housing, working conditions for women and children)

19. Literary Context To understand the Romantic Period, one needs to contrast it against the previous period: To understand the Romantic Period, one needs to contrast it against the previous period: Restoration and Neoclassical Period (1660-1798) Restoration and Neoclassical Period (1660-1798)

20. Neoclassical Writers Presented humans as limited, imperfect Presented humans as limited, imperfect Emphasized reason and order Emphasized reason and order Distrusted the imagination Distrusted the imagination Imitated literary forms and content from the earlier ages Imitated literary forms and content from the earlier ages

21. Neoclassical Writers Viewed nature as wild, uncultivated, in need of being being tamed, shaped, improved Viewed nature as wild, uncultivated, in need of being being tamed, shaped, improved Thought literature’s main purpose was to provide moral instruction Thought literature’s main purpose was to provide moral instruction

22. Neoclassical Writers Followed the Neoclassical ideals of Followed the Neoclassical ideals of – order – logic – utility – good taste – decorum

23. Neoclassicism Literature to be judged by how useful it is to humans: moral instruction. Literature to be judged by how useful it is to humans: moral instruction. Two dominant modes Two dominant modes – didactic literature – satiric literature

24. Transcendentalists A branch of American Romanticism TRANSCENDENTALISM is a very formal word that describes a very simple idea. People, men and women equally, have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that "transcends" or goes beyond what they can see, hear, taste, touch or feel. This knowledge comes through intuition and imagination not through logic or the senses. People can trust themselves to be their own authority on what is right. A TRANSCENDENTALIST is a person who accepts these ideas not as religious beliefs but as a way of understanding life relationships. Notable Transcendentalists include Ralph Waldo Emerson Margaret Fuller Bronson Alcott (father of Louisa May Alcott, author of Little Women) Henry David Thoreau Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Nathaniel Hawthorne Walt Whitman

25. Emerson Read the excerpts from Emerson Underline aphorisms that Chris McCandless would have appreciated. Squiggle under the aphorisms that appeal to you. The theory of books is noble. The scholar of the first age received into him the world around; brooded thereon; gave it the new arrangement of his own mind, and uttered it again. It came into him, life; it went out from him, truth. It came to him, short-lived actions; it went out from him, immortal thoughts. It came to him, business; it went from him, poetry. It was dead fact; now, it is quick thought. It can stand, and it can go. It now endures, it now flies, it now inspires Precisely in proportion to the depth of mind from which it issued, so high does it soar, so long does it sing. -Excerpt from The American Scholar, Ralph Waldo Emerson