1. SCRUB: Secure Computing Research for Users’ Benefit David Wagner http://scrub.cs.berkeley.edu/ 1

2. Security is hard 2

3. What is SCRUB? SCRUB is a new center focusing on security for user’s benefit Model: industry funding + collaboration –4 Intel researchers in residence at Berkeley –$2.5M/year in funding –Open IP policy Schools: Berkeley, CMU, Drexel, Duke, UIUC 3

4. Thin intermediation layer Mobile security Security analytics Data-centric security SCRUB Research Agenda

5. Security of Desktop Computing Problem: today’s desktops use a security architecture based upon 1970’s-era threat model. 5

7. Secure Desktop Computing A thin, low-level intermediation layer can enable secure computation e.g., online banking – establish an island of security amidst the sea of malware Benefit to users: secure computing on insecure desktops 7

8. Hardware Intermediation layer OS Web browser Banking app Email Thin client Securing the desktop: Thin intermediation layer OS

9. Mobile Security 9 Huge growth in third-party apps:

10. Mobile Security How do we ensure third-party apps are safe? New paradigm for secure computing: protect against apps, not against users Benefit to users: Secure smartphones, tablets 10 How do we build effective app permission systems? Can we make app stores more robust and secure?

11. Desktop OS Threat model: users attacking users Applications run with users’ full privileges 11

12. Modern Reality Threat model: apps attacking users One user per device Users don’t trust all apps 12

13. Permission Systems User approves what permissions the application receives. 13 Does this provide security benefits?

14. The Good News Permissions do limit harm from breaches Developers do comply Only 30% of apps are overprivileged, and only a little But can users use permissions effectively? 14 Android apps get median of 4 permissions; desktop apps get 56. Only 10% of Android apps can cost users money, and only 15% get personal info.

15. More work needed Some users can use permissions effectively 20% demonstrated awareness and some comprehension 20% have declined to install an app because of perms But, at least on Android, permissions are not effective for most users Only 17% of Android users look at permissions Only 24% understand Android permissions (more or less) Our user studies partially explain why, but more work is needed to find a good solution 15

16. Apps as paradigm for security Beyond phones: app-based platforms offer a path to securing laptops and desktops. 16 Phone Desktop

17. Data-centric security Data increasingly resides not only on end- user devices, but also on servers, cloud, … Can we provide consistent protection for user data as it flows through a complex distributed system, no matter where it is stored? Benefit to users: visibility and control over their data 17

18. Data-centric security Cloud platform protects user data and ensures that apps can’t misuse it Each user’s data is separately encrypted. When cloud authenticates the user, it gives app access to user’s data. Cloud prevents apps from exfiltrating the data. Ability to audit who has access to data. 18 cloud server App encrypted storage encrypted, authenticated channel

19. Security analytics How can we accurately measure security? Current approaches lead us in the dark Are our efforts to secure systems making progress? Goal: robust security metrics and analytics Benefit to users: Ability to prioritize, manage, and measure security 19

20. Learn more Come visit us: SCRUB Open House, 2-4pm, 373 Soda Hall Come visit the TRUST center, too: TRUST Open House, 2-4pm, 337 Cory Hall Follow our work: http://scrub.cs.berkeley.edu/ 20