1. Typhus Amanda Ferraro

2. A typhus patient would display Characteristic RashFever

3. Typhus patients exhibit a characteristic stupor.

4. The name “typhus” comes from the Greek word for stupor typhos (τ ῦ φος)

5. Doctors test for anemia, low platelets, and typhus antibodies

6. There are three types of Typhus  Endemic  Scrub  Epidemic

7. The bacteria Rickettsia prowazekii causes Epidemic Typhus

8. Rickettsia prowazekii are intracellular parasites.

9. Rickettsia prowazekii share a common ancestor with mitochondria Rickettsia prowazekiiMitochondria

10. How would I get Typhus? Sharing Contaminated Clothing Body Lice Feces

11. “Outbreaks of epidemic typhus are rare except during periods when normal hygiene is disrupted, as in refugee camps arising from wars or natural disasters. It also occurs in some populations living in higher elevations during the colder months when louse-infested clothing is not laundered and person-to-person spread of lice is common.”

12. Typhus epidemics raged throughout Europe for centuries, often caused by war

13. Typhus epidemics raged throughout Europe for centuries, often caused by war. “Seventy percent of the 300,000 core troops that marched with Napoleon out of France died of typhus before reaching Moscow.”

14. There are still a few cases of Typhus is the US each year

15. The bacteria are “eaten” by the cell.

17. The bacteria destroy the cell

18. How do we treat someone with Typhus?

19. Rickettsia prowazekii are difficult to treat because they only replicate within host cells.

20. They are OBLIGATE PARASITES They use OUR cell machinery!

21. Doxycycline is used to treat Typhus  (Tetracycline Drug)

22. Doxycycline works by blocking protein synthesis

23. Why don’t tetracycline drugs interfere with our protein synthesis?

24. Doxycycline “preferentially binds to bacterial (30s) ribosomes due to structural differences in RNA subunits.”

26. Without these proteins, the bacteria cannot reproduce within the cell, and the cells eventually die or are killed off by the immune system.

27. Doxycycline is not very costly

28. The patient takes 2 doxycycline tablets per day for 10 days.

29. COSTS ABOUT $2!

30. Chloramphenicol, a second line drug, also inhibits protein synthesis

31. Although chloramphenicol is cheap and easy to produce, it has potentially serious side effects.

32. Although it is cheap and easy to produce, it has potentially serious side effects. Used mainly in cases of drug resistant bacteria.

33. Given the proper treatment, almost all patients recover.

34. Brill-Zinsser disease occurs when a previously ‘cured’ patient relapses. More mild than the initial disease

35. Works Cited Board, A.D.A.M. Editorial. "Typhus (Endemic, Murine, Epidemic) Causes, History, Symptoms and Treatment Information by MedicineNet.com." Typhus. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Brill-Zinsser Disease." TheFreeDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. Buzzle. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2012.. "Chloramphenicol: 15 Answers." Chloramphenicol: 15 Answers. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Chloramphenicol Capsules." Netdoctor. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Chloramphenicol." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Feb. 2012. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Disease in History." Disease in History. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Doxycycline." (Equine Pharmacy (Rx). N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "File:Epidemic Typhus Burundi.jpg." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2012.. "Image:Rickettsia Prowazekii.jpg." Academic Kids Encyclopedia, n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2012.. “Interferes with Protein Synthesis." Sigma-Aldrich. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. Ketcham, Sandra. "How to Cure Typhus." EHow. Demand Media, 20 July 2009. Web. 04 Nov. 2012..

36. Works Cited (Cont.) "Membrane Transport System (Transporters) in Rickettsia Prowazekii MadridE." Membrane Transport System (Transporters) in Rickettsia Prowazekii MadridE. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2012.. "Order Doxycycline, Order Cheap Generic Doxycycline, Order Cheap Generic Doxycycline Online from World- drugs.net." Order Doxycycline, Order Cheap Generic Doxycycline, Order Cheap Generic Doxycycline Online from World-drugs.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Coxiella and Bartonella." Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Coxiella and Bartonella. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Rickettsial Diseases, including Typhus and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever." Rickettsial Diseases, including Typhus and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Tetracycline - Antimicrobial Properties." Tetracycline - Antimicrobial Properties. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "TheOnlineClinic." Doxycycline. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Typhoid and Typhus." Typhoid and Typhus. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Typhus - Geographical Occurence." Typhus - Geographical Occurence. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Typhus (Endemic, Murine, Epidemic) Causes, History, Symptoms and Treatment Information by MedicineNet.com." MedicineNet. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012.. "Typhus-us-heatmap." N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2012.. WebMD, n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2012.. Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2012..