1. RAHEEL KHAN Roll # 102 FINAL YEAR BATCH :D

2. STERLIZATION

3. A process which destroys all viable microbes,including viruses and endospores.

4. DISINFECTION A process used to destroy vegetative pathogens ;not endospores and intimate objects

5. ANTI-SEPTICS Disinfectants applied directly to exposed body surface. CLASSIFICATION: Chlorhexidene: Used for skin prepration and surgical scrub. Pyodine-Iodine: Used forskin prepration and surgical scrub. Cetrimide: Hand washing. Alcohol: skin prepration.

6. SENITIZATION Any technique that mechanically removes Microbes

7. AIM OF STERILIZATION To reduce contaminants from entering operative field in Surgery To prevent infection The GOAL is to ELIMINATE INFECTIONS.

8. HOW STERILIZATION WORKS. BY DISRUPTING THE INTEGRITY OF CELL WALL. BY DAMAGING THE CELL MEMBRANE CAUSING CONTENTS TO LEAK OUT. DAMAGE TO VIRAL ENVELOP INTRUPTS ITS REPLICATION.

9. METHODS : PHYSICAL METHODS HEAT: (dry and moist) FILTRATION. IRRADIATION. QUARANTRINE. CHEMICAL METHODS Alcohol Formaldehyde Glutaraldehyde Sodium Hypochlorite.

10. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE ABILITY TO KILL MICROBES: Strength of killing agent Time of action Temprature Type and number of microbe Enviornment

11. IDEAL STERLIZATION METHOD Highly efficacious. Rapidly active. Non-toxic. Cost effective.

13. EH SPAULDING CLASSIFICATION OF OBJECTS NEED TO BE STERLIZED: CRITICAL: Objects which enter sterile tissue SEMI-CRITICAL: Objects that touch mucus mem. And non-intact skin NON-CRITICAL: Objects that touch intact skin.

14. PHYSICAL METHODS: HEAT PASTEURISATION First used for milk; Heating for 1 min at 80*C will kill most of vegetative form BED –PAN WASHER PROCTOSCOPE INCINERATION Used for disposal of HOSPITAL WASTE.

15. MOIST HEAT BOILING AUTOCLAVING PASTEURIZATION

16. AUTOCLAVE Auto-clave Conditions:121*C, 16 psi, 15min

17. FILTRATION STERILIZES MATERIALS LIKELY TO BE DAMAGED BY HEAT

18. CHEMICAL CONTROL PHENOLS ALCOHOL HALOGENS SURFACTANTS HEAVY METALS ANTI MICROBICS Sporicidal agents

19. ALCOHOL-HALOGENS Denatures proteins Skin swabbing with 70%ethanol prior to injection. For disinfection of telephone wires Stethoscope and others lightly contaminated objects Damaging enzymes via OXIDATION Cleaning drinking water Wound dressing as chloramines

20. OXIDIZING AGENTS

21. STERILIZATION IS SUCCESSFUL WITH PERSONAL HYEGIENE:

22. STERILIZATION METHODS OF VARIOUS OBJECTS ARE: OBJECTS Dressing materials and Gloves Catheters,Syringes,IV-cannulas Fine cutting edge instruments Heat sensitive Materials Endoscopes METHODS STEAM / AUTOCLAVE. GAMMA –RAYS HOT AIR. ETHYLENE OXIDE. PERSCETIC ACID/ STERIS.

23. Skin of patient Surgical instruments;Artry forceps,clamps,needle holders Suture material Thermometer and stethoscope Respiratory therapy equipments. ALCOHOL STEAM LUGOL IODINE ALCOHOL FORMALDEHYDE

24. IN OPERATION THEATRE. PATIENT PREPRATION: SURGEON PREPRATION Showering Hand washing Shifting Gloves Shaving Masks and Hair cover Painting and Draping Surgical Gowns

25. PREPRATION OF OPERATION THEATRE Double door entrance to the anesthesia room and corridors A designated DIRTY AREA must be present. A single entrance to scrubbing area Temp should be 19-22*C Air Filteration.

26. Working Hands Are Better Than Praying Lips

27. THANK YOU ALL.