1. AERONAUTICAL DECISION MAKING
THE FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS’ LESSON PLAN

2. Definition of Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)
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Definition of Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)
“ADM is a systematic approach to the mental process used by all involved in aviation to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.”

3. PRIMARY CAUSAL FACTORS OF AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS

4. PROBABLE CAUSE IN 80% OF ALL ACCIDENTS (NTSB)
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PROBABLE CAUSE IN 80% OF ALL ACCIDENTS (NTSB)
47%
19%
21% 5%
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5. PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS REQUIREMENTS
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PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS REQUIREMENTS
“CRM is not a single TASK. CRM is a set of skill competencies which must be evident in all TASKS in this PTS as applied to the single pilot or the multicrew operation. CRM competencies, grouped into three clusters of observable behaviors are....”

6. ADM SKILL MARKERS (“Observable Behaviors”)
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ADM SKILL MARKERS (“Observable Behaviors”)
COMMUNICATION
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT
PLANNING
DECISION MAKING
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7. “THE EFFECTIVE USE OF ALL AVAILABLE RESOURCES”
CRM DEFINITION
“THE EFFECTIVE USE OF ALL AVAILABLE RESOURCES”

8. CREW... Pilot-in-Command Second-in-Command Flight Instructor
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CREW...
Pilot-in-Command
Second-in-Command Flight Instructor
Aircraft Scheduler
Weather Briefer
Ramp Personnel
Chief Instructor
Flight Attendant
Check Airman/ Pilot Examiner
Flight Engineer
Non-pilot
Air Traffic Control
Flight Service/Watch
Review these definitions using the bullets on the slide and ask if anybody has any others to add. Then lead into to management, by telling the class “we have defined crew and resource, so we now want look at management”, but first let’s see how the airline defines CRM.
NEXT SLIDE....
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9. RESOURCES... Time Information Workload Prioritization Strategies/Plans
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RESOURCES...
Time
Information
Workload
Prioritization
Strategies/Plans
Scheduling
Review these definitions using the bullets on the slide and ask if anybody has any others to add. Then lead into to management, by telling the class “we have defined crew and resource, so we now want look at management”, but first let’s see how the airline defines CRM.
NEXT SLIDE....
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10. MANAGEMENT... Situation Assessment Risk Assessment
Planning/Strategizing
Prioritizing Tasks
Allocating Responsibilities
Problem Solving

11. ENHANCED CREWMEMBER PERFORMANCE
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ENHANCED CREWMEMBER PERFORMANCE
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12. ENHANCED CREWMEMBER PERFORMANCE
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ENHANCED CREWMEMBER PERFORMANCE
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13. ENHANCED CREWMEMBER PERFORMANCE
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ENHANCED CREWMEMBER PERFORMANCE
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14. ADM Focus Non-Technical Skills
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ADM Focus Non-Technical Skills
1. Talk about non technical skills, read the boxes and note that the ones with * next to them are Piedmont CRM markers
2. Tell the class that the sub-headings will be discussed as you move throughout the material

15. ADM SKILL MARKERS (“Observable Behaviors”)
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ADM SKILL MARKERS (“Observable Behaviors”)
COMMUNICATION
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT
PLANNING
DECISION MAKING
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16. COMMUNICATIONS Two-way street Information transfer
Clear, concise, unambiguous
Listening
Repeating
Clarification
Understanding

17. SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
THE ACCURATE PERCEPTION OR KNOWLEDGE A PILOT MAINTAINS TO THEIR OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN ORDER TO ANTICIPATE CONTINGENCIES AND TAKE THE NECESSARY ACTIONS.

18. WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT PRIORITIZE AND DELEGATE SHARE AND COMMUNICATE
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WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT
PRIORITIZE AND DELEGATE
SHARE AND COMMUNICATE
ACKNOWLEDGE PERSONAL LIMITS
ACTIVELY MONITOR
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19. PREPARATION, PLANNING, AND VIGILANCE
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PREPARATION, PLANNING, AND VIGILANCE
PREPARING FOR REQUIRED ACTIVITIES
PLANNING FOR ALL POSSIBILITIES
MAINTAINING AWARENESS FOR CHANGE
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20. Decision Making Process
1. Is there a decision to make?
2. Gather all available information.
3. Identify all possible alternatives.
4. Evaluate alternatives.
5. Choose an alternative (make a decision).
6. Act on decision.
7. Evaluate the results of the decision.
(if necessary, return to the beginning)

21. THE EFFECTS OF STRESS AND FATIGUE
Human Performance
Error Management

22. ADM REFERENCES FOR THE INSTRUCTOR
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ADM REFERENCES FOR THE INSTRUCTOR
Aeronautical Decision Making for Instructor Pilots
Aeronautical Decision Making for Student and Private Pilots
From the N.T.I.S. (National Technical Information Service) Library
These manuals are the result of ten years of research, development, testing and evaluation of the effectiveness of judgment and decision making.
> This manual contains the necessary background material, lesson plans, training scenarios, and management schedule to help prepare the instructor to effectively teach the material contained in the companion manual ADM manual for Instructor Pilots, ADA $36.50
> Aeronautical decision making for student and private pilots which is intended for use in conjunction with one-on-one instruction from a flight instructor. ADM manual for Student and Private Pilots $41.00
> Available for purchase
> By calling
> THE INSTRUCTORS ROLE 3

23. ADM MODELS AND PROGRAMS TODAY
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ADM MODELS AND PROGRAMS TODAY
PTS/CRM
Pilot Judgment Training Manuals
Personal Minimums
FAA’s Model
DECIDE Model
Hazardous Attitudes
Decision Making Process

24. What about these?

25. THE END REMEMBER......MAKE ADM PART OF YOUR LESSON PLANS!
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THE END
REMEMBER......MAKE ADM PART OF YOUR LESSON PLANS!
QUESTIONS????
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