1. Sea Power and Maritime Affairs Lesson 5.7: The U.S. Navy and American Imperialism, 1898-1914

2. Enabling Objectives Know the influence of mass media in U.S. relations with Spain and the effect of the destruction of the USS Maine on public opinion.Know the influence of mass media in U.S. relations with Spain and the effect of the destruction of the USS Maine on public opinion. Comprehend the impact of the Mahanian Doctrine on the naval strategy and conduct during the Spanish-American War.Comprehend the impact of the Mahanian Doctrine on the naval strategy and conduct during the Spanish-American War. Comprehend some reasons for the acceleration of the U.S. Navy expansion following the war with Spain.Comprehend some reasons for the acceleration of the U.S. Navy expansion following the war with Spain. Know the effect of the Progressive Era in domestic politics on the Navy during the period 1900-1914.Know the effect of the Progressive Era in domestic politics on the Navy during the period 1900-1914.

3. William McKinley 25 th POTUS 25 th POTUS “Remember the Maine!!” Cuban Revolution 1895-1898Cuban Revolution 1895-1898 USS Maine Explosion - February 1898:USS Maine Explosion - February 1898: – Destroyed by “underwater mine” with 260 dead. – 1975: Rickover proved it was caused by an internal explosion. – President William McKinley: – Congress declares war on Spain in April 1898.

4. “You May Fire When Ready, Gridley” –Battle of Manila Bay –1 May 1898. –Admiral Dewey: 4 cruisers, 2 gunboats and a revenue cutter.4 cruisers, 2 gunboats and a revenue cutter. Gunnery and fire control drills on the way to Manila.Gunnery and fire control drills on the way to Manila. –Admiral Montojo: 2 cruisers (1 modern & 1 immobile) & 5 other ships at Manila.2 cruisers (1 modern & 1 immobile) & 5 other ships at Manila. Spanish use shore guns to augment anchored fleet.Spanish use shore guns to augment anchored fleet.

5. Adm Pascual CerveraCommander Spanish Fleet Adm Schley CDR North Atlantic Flying Squadron Adm Sampson CDR North Atlantic Squadron Advancement to Cuba

6. Battle of Santiago Spanish governor orders fleet to flee harbor on 1 July 1898Spanish governor orders fleet to flee harbor on 1 July 1898 Spanish lossesSpanish losses –160 killed, 1800 captured American lossesAmerican losses –1 killed, 1 wounded Battle of San Juan Hill

7. U.S. “Empire” Established

8. Mahan Vindicated Spanish American War vindicated Mahan’s theories.Spanish American War vindicated Mahan’s theories. –Guerre de course no longer a single viable way of fighting a naval war. Battleships enshrined as principal warship.Battleships enshrined as principal warship.

9. “Speak softly but carry a big stick”“Speak softly but carry a big stick” –Steam, armor, and rifled breech-loading guns –4 1st Class Battleships: Indiana, Massachusetts, Oregon, and Iowa – 2 2nd Class Battleships: Texas and Maine – 12 Armored Cruisers Big Stick Diplomacy 1901-1909 The Great White Fleet - 1907

10. Naval Aviation 1903 1911 1910

11. Panama Canal Panama Canal Zone ceded to U.S. after Panamanian Revolution against Colombia in 1903.Panama Canal Zone ceded to U.S. after Panamanian Revolution against Colombia in 1903. Construction of the canal begins in 1904.Construction of the canal begins in 1904. – Completed in 1914. U.S. undisputed control of Caribbean Sea. U.S. undisputed control of Caribbean Sea. Construction of locks on the Panama Canal, 1913

12. Battle History Video 1865-1890: -Chapter 1 “Born Into War” -Time 25:40 - 44:34

13. Enabling Objectives DESCRIBE the influence of mass media in U.S. relations with Spain and the effect of the destruction of the USS Maine on public opinion.DESCRIBE the influence of mass media in U.S. relations with Spain and the effect of the destruction of the USS Maine on public opinion. EXPLAIN the impact of the Mahanian Doctrine on the naval strategy and conduct during the Spanish- American War.EXPLAIN the impact of the Mahanian Doctrine on the naval strategy and conduct during the Spanish- American War. EXPLAIN some reasons for the acceleration of the U.S. Navy expansion following the war with Spain.EXPLAIN some reasons for the acceleration of the U.S. Navy expansion following the war with Spain. DESCRIBE the effect of the Progressive Era in domestic politics on the Navy during the period 1900-1914.DESCRIBE the effect of the Progressive Era in domestic politics on the Navy during the period 1900-1914.

14. Discussion Next Time: The U.S. Navy and World War I, 1914- 1918