1. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany Securing Solaris – Using syslogs during an Intrusion Randy Marchany

2. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany Introduction  Reference document: “Inspecting your Solaris system and network logs for evidence of intrusions”, www.cert.org/security- improvements/implementations/i003.html www.cert.org/security- improvements/implementations/i003.html  Inspect log files daily  Document unusual entries you find

3. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany Introduction  Investigate each documented abnormality – Can it be explained by an authorized user? – Can it be explained by known system activity? – Can it be explained by known changes to programs?  Report all confirmed evidence of intrusion to your sysadmin (Milko) or abuse@vt.edu.

4. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany System Log Files  Most log information is sent to /var/adm/messages.  Mail.debug information is sent to /var/log/syslog or /var/adm/syslog.  Auth.notice aren’t logged by default.  Check /etc/syslog.conf for the exact locations of the system log files.

5. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany System Log Files  /var/adm/messages – Records system console outpu and syslog messages. – Look for unexpected system halts Mar 31 12:48:31 unix: halted by – Look for unexpected system boots – Look for failed su and login commands – Look for unexpected successful su commands

6. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany System Log Files  /var/adm/pacct – Records all commands run by users. Process accounting must be enabled before this file is generated. – lastcomm command will show the commands  /var/adm/aculog – Keeps track of dial-out modems – Look for dial-out records or unauthorized use of dial-out modems

7. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany System Log Files  /var/log/syslog – Contains the sendmail log entries for the system. – TCP Wrapper, portsentry loggers write their entries to this file.

8. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany Process Analysis  Normal System Functions – What processes do you expect to be running on this system?  System Users – Is it normal for each of these users to be using the system at this time of day? – From where are they accessing the system? Is this expected?

9. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany Process Analysis  Executing Processes – How was the process started? By what user? – What is the current status of the process? Running, stopped, suspended, swapped out, exiting? – Is it missing from the processes you expected to be active? – What system setting are in effect for this process.

10. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany Process Analysis  Executing Processes – What options or input arguments is the process executing? Are they valid? – Are the system resources being used consistent with what you expect the process to be using? – What is the relationship between the process and other processes running on the system? Is there a parent-child relationship?

11. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany Process Analysis  Open Files – What files are opened by the process? – Are they authorized to open these files? – Any access to sensitive system files, e.g., password files? – Any unauthorized attempts to open a file? – Any file access errors? – What files are imported or exported?

12. va-scanCopyright 2002, Marchany Process Analysis  Network Connections – Has the process opened any network connections to external sites? – Have any connection failures been recorded? – Have there been any unexpected connections? – Are there any open network sockets that can’t be attributable to valid processes? – What mode is each socket open? – Are all of the network interfaces operating as expected?