1. ESA Atmospheric Satellite Missions
Ben Veihelmann
Atmospheric Section of the Mission Science Division ESA/ESTEC
Atmospheric Composition Observational Requirements
Task Team Meeting #1, Nov 2014, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland

2. ESA Atmospheric Satellite Missions
Copernicus Sentinel Missions
Earth Explorer Missions

3. ESA Atmospheric Satellite Missions
Expected Mission Lifetime
Mission Year 20** 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Sentinel-3
Sentinel-4
Sentinel-5
Sentinel-5 Precursor
EarthCARE
ADM Aeolus
CarbonSat
FLEX
Copernicus Sentinel Mission
Earth Explorer Mission
Earth Explorer 8 Candidate Mission

4. ESA Atmospheric Satellite Missions
Atmospheric Composition Monitoring Services
Themes addressed per Mission
Mission Service
Stratospheric
Processes
Global & Regional
Air Quality
Climate
Volcanic Emissions
Sentinel-3
Sentinel-4
Sentinel-5
Sentinel-5 Precursor
EarthCARE
ADM Aeolus
aerosol by-product
CarbonSat
FLEX
Copernicus Sentinel Mission
Earth Explorer Mission
Earth Explorer 8 Candidate Mission

5. Atmospheric Composition Products Of Sentinels
#) Sentinel-4 and -5 Level-2 product lists are TBC ; grey X: priority 2
Product
Application
Copernicus Sentinel Mission
Air Quality
Climate
Stratosp. processes
other S3
S4(#)
S5(#)
S5P
O3 total & trop. col. X
O3 enhanced sensitivity to lower trop.
Synergy MTG-IRS
O3 stratospheric profile
NO2 total & trop. col.
SO2 total column
volcanic emission
CHOCHO total column
NMVOC emission
TBC
CH2O total column
VOC emission
Aerosol optical depth / type / index
volcanic emission & aux
Aerosol height
CH4 CO
H2O X?
NWP?
CO2
HDO
UT/LS exchange
Cloud characteristics
auxiliary
Surface characteristics

6. Earth Explorer Mission
Atmospheric Composition Products of Earth Explorer (Candidate) Missions
Product
Application
Earth Explorer Mission
Air Quality
Climate
other
ADM Aeolus
EarthCARE
CarbonSat
FLEX A e r o s l
optical thickness X
auxiliary
By-product
Ext. coeff. profile
Type
Ångström coeff.
Cloud characteristics
CH4
H2O
CO2
Earth Explorer Mission
Earth Explorer 8 Candidate Mission

7. Applications of Atmospheric Composition User Requirements
User Reqs.
Mission Reqs.
System Reqs.
 Driving application areas in red
 Later than IGACO 2004, consider URs for update
Sentinel-4/-5  Air quality protocol monitoring & near-real time services, climate protocol monitoring
Capacity Study Final report
IGACO report (GAW 159)
GMES Atmosphere Services Implementation Group Final Report
Science Requirements Document for TROPOMI (S5P)
Camelot study results, S-4/-5 Mission Advisory Group advice
CarbonSat  climate protocol monitoring & scientific assessment
Mission Requirement Document v1.2
Climate Change Initiative  Fundamental Climate Data Records of EVCs meeting requirements of GCOS, MACC, CMUG
GHG-CCI URD v2 (CO2 and CH4 regional sources & sinks)
Ozone-CCI URD v2.1
Aerosol-CCI URD v1.4

8. Lessons Learnt from Applying these User Requirements in S-4/-5/-5P
UR tables in TROPOMI Science Requirements Doc
Relax threshold for HCHO (OSCAR 15%) and SO2 (OSCAR 20%). Measurements useful after temporal and/or spatial averaging
Define abundance lower limit (x0) for relative error
and absolute error (sx) for background conditions
Distinguish systematic and random errors (already in IGACO 2004)
Specify UR for glyoxal? ( non-methane VOC emission estimates)
Specify UR for ammonia? ( PM formation, human and plant health) sx x0

9. Lessons Learnt from Applying these User Requirements in CCI
UR Tables in CCI URDs for GHG, O3 and aerosol
Distinguish bias and temporal stability of bias for CO2 and CH4
Combine GHG single-measurement precision with number of (useful) data in a given spatio-temporal interval
Associate aerosol accuracy and stability to spatial and temporal resolution
Define absolute accuracy limit for low AOD and instantaneous local scale data; relative limit for larger regions and detection of trends. sx x0

10. Thank you for your attention!
Ben Veihelmann
Atmospheric Section of the Mission Science Division ESA/ESTEC

11. Backup slides

12. Sentinel-3
Mission Objective: European global land and ocean monitoring. 2 day global coverage, real-time (<3h) products
Key Facts
Launch 2015 with Rockot/Vega
7 year lifetime (consumables for 12 years)
Sun-synchronous orbit 10h at desc. node, 27-days repeat
Operational configuration 2 satellites
Payload
OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument)
SLSTR (Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer)
SRAL (Sentinel-3 Ku/C Radar Altimeter)
MWR (MicroWave Radiometer)
POD (Precise Orbit Determination)

13. Sentinel-4 Mission Implementation
Yaw-flip at equinox
UVN
IRS
Application:
Air quality
Instrumentation:
UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer
Use of thermal IR sounder (IRS)
and imager (FCI) on MTG-I
UV-VIS-NIR with spectral bands 305 – 500 nm and 750 – 775 nm
Spatial sampling of 8 km at 45°N and spectral resolution between 0.12 nm and 0.5 nm
Geostationary orbit, at about 0o longitude
Embarked on MTG-Sounder Satellite and operated by EUMETSAT

14. Sentinel–5 Mission Implementation
Applications:
air quality, climate forcing and stratospheric ozone, tropospheric chemistry
Instrumentation:
UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR spectrometer
Use of thermal IR sounder, cloud
imager and polarisation imager
UV-Visible ( nm)
NIR ( nm)
SWIR (1590–1675nm; nm)
Spectrometers with spectral resolutions between 0.25 nm and 1.0 nm
Spatial sampling with 50 (T)/15 (G) km < 300nm and 15 (T)/5(G) km > 300 nm
Global daily coverage
Sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit platform at 824 km mean altitude
Embarked on EPS-SG, operated by EUMETSAT

15. Sentinel–5 Precursor Mission Implementation
Applications:
air quality, climate forcing and stratospheric ozone, tropospheric chemistry
Instrumentation:
UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR spectrometer
(UVN = NL, SWIR = ESA)
UV-Visible ( nm)
NIR ( nm) and
SWIR ( nm)
Grating spectrometer
Global daily coverage with 7 km
sampling at nadir
Sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit platform at 824 km mean altitude
Guarantees data delivery for GMES Atmospheric Services

16. Sentinel-4/-5/-5P Mission Implementation
Platform
Instrument
Utilization of data from
Imager
Infrared sounder
Other
Sentinel-4
MTG-S
UVN spectrometer
FCI
IRS LI
Sentinel-5
Metop-SG
UVNS spectrometer
VII
IAS
3MI
Sentinel-5 Precursor
dedicated LEO
UVNS spectrometer TROPOMI
VIIRS
CrIS
OMPS
MTG-S/I = Meteosat Third Generation Sounder/Imager MetOp-SG = MetOp-Second Generation
SNPP = Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership
JPSS = Joint Polar Satellite System
UVNS = UVN + Short wave infrared
VII = Visible/Infrared Imager (MetImage)
IAS = Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (IASI-NG)
3MI = Multi-viewing, -channel, -polarisation Imager
TROPOMI = TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument
VIIRS = Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite
CrIS = Cross-track Infrared Sounder
OMPS = Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite
UVN = Ultraviolet + Visible + Near infrared
FCI = Flexible Combined Imager (on MTG-I)
IRS = InfraRed Sounder
LI = Lightning Imager (on MTG-I)