1. Thermal properties of matter

2. Temperature measurement Thermometric properties = Properties changing with temperature –Color –Volume –Length –Electric resistance thermistor –Electric voltage thermocouple

3. Reading Assignment 17.1 You put a thermometer in a pot of hot water and record the reading. What temperature have you recorded? A. The temperature of the water B. The temperature of the thermometer C. An equal average of the temperature of the water and thermometer D. An average between water and thermometer, shifted more toward water E. An average between water and thermometer, shifted more toward the thermometer

4. Celsius scale Ice water Boiling water 0°C 100°C 0°C Thermal equilibrium

5. Fahrenheit scale Salt/ water/ ice mixture Arm pit 0°F= -17.8°C 96°F 0°C Recalibration: 32 F = 0 C 212 F = 100 C

6. Thermodynamic temperature -273.15 C P, T T

7. Temperature transformations Umm Weather Station Maximum temperature in March: 50.3 F Minimum temperature in March: -13.9 F Express those temperatures in Celsius and Kelvin. Express the temperature difference in C, F, and K.

8. A 30-cm square rubber sheet with handle: What is the force of air pressure pushing it to the table?

9. The density of copper is 8.2 g/cm 3. Find A.The number of atoms in one cubic centimeter of copper. B.The average distance between the atoms. Repeat for silver (density 10.49 g/cm 3 ).

10. Linear thermal expansion T 0, L 0 LL T, L See table 12.2

11. Pontchartrain Causeway Lake Pontchartrain is a large shallow brackish lake bordering New Orleans to the north. A 23- mile causeway bridge is leading over the lake. The temperatures in winter drop to about 35  F, while in summer the surface temperature of the bridge easily surpasses 120  F. Estimate the length difference of this concrete causeway between winter and summer.

12. Volume expansion Relation between volume expansion coefficient and linear expansion coefficient?

13. Causes of thermal expansion? x Potential energy of bond Distance between two particles Spring-like bonds Equilibrium distance Realistic bonds Equilibrium distance Asymmetric binding energy results in thermal expansion of solids

14. Behavior of gases Consider a cylinder filled with air. A piston is slowly being pushed to the left. Assume, the gas is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings. When the volume of gas will become smaller, will the pressure 1 increase? 2 decrease? 3 stay the same? 290 K Boyle’s Law Isothermal process

15. Behavior of gases Consider the same cylinder. The piston is free to move without friction (p=const). A flame is slowly heating the air inside. When the temperature of the air increases, will the volume 1 increase? 2 decrease? 3 stay the same? P=1atm Charles’ Law Isobaric process

16. Behavior of gases Consider the same cylinder. The piston is fixed (V=const). A flame is slowly heating the air inside. When the temperature of the air increases, will the pressure 1 increase? 2 decrease? 3 stay the same? Gay-Lussac’s Law Isochoric process

17. Ideal gas law How many kg of air would we find in the auditorium at this time? D=1.23 kg/m 3

18. Phase diagrams of the ideal gas