1. Effects of SMOKING Group members: Chloe Hui (8) Stephanie Poon (24) Janna Shiu (25) Rachel Tai (27) Tiffany Tsah (29) Diana Wan (33)

2. Introduction For example, a smoker increases his chance of developing lung cancer by 22% when compared to non-smoker. Cigarette smoke contains many harmful substances which will increase the risk of having different kinds of diseases. It may also lead to diseases such as osteoporosis, heart attack, pneumonia, cancers, etc.

3. SMOKE What are the harmful substances in cigarette smoke? 4000 It contains almost 4000 different chemical substances.

4. Potential Hazards of Smoking - Cancers - Heart Attack - Pneumonia - Eyes Disease - Osteoporosis -Etc…..

5. Osteoporosis

6. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is defined as a specific bone disorder that leads to the weakening and increased fragility of bones.

7. Osteoporosis With an increase in the number of cigarettes consumption, his risk of suffering from bone fractures in old age also increases.

8. Osteoporosis In addition, smokers are found to be less physically active and generally thinner. Smoking is considered as one of the risk factors of Osteoporosis.

9. Heart Attack

10. Smoking, is one of the main risk factors for having a heart attack. Smoking accelerates the process of atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries), which can lead to a heart attack. Smoking can also increase the risk of blood clots, which can block arteries

11. Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become hardened and clogged Clogged arteries can keep the heart from getting enough blood and oxygen and can cause chest pain. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRK7- DCDKEA

12. Cigarette smoking speeds up the process of atherosclerosis by damaging the cells lining the blood vessels and heart. Cigarette smoking can increase your risk of dangerous blood clots, both because of the atherosclerosis and also because smoking causes blood platelets to clump together.

13. No matter how long you've been smoking, quitting will reduce your chances of having a heart attack. Even among people with heart disease, the risk also drops sharply one year after quitting smoking, and it continues to decline over time, but the risk does not return to normal.

14. Pneumonia

15. What is pneumonia? ~A serious infection of the lung tissue by one of many different micro-organisms causing an inflammation in the lungs.

16. - The infection causes the air sacs (alveoli) and smaller airways in your lungs to become inflamed and fill with fluid. - You can’t get enough oxygen from the air into your blood.

17. - Bacteria - Viruses - Fungi -C-Chemical exposure - Parasites Pneumonia can be caused by:

18. Pneumonia is defined by its location: Lobar pneumonia - inflammation affects a section, lobe part of a lung Bronchopneumonia - a patchy infection occurring throughout the lungs. - The term double pneumonia means both lungs are affected.

19. How is smoking related to Pneumonia? ~ Smoking damages your lungs and therefore makes it easier to get an infection ~Smokers are four times in risk of having pneumonia

20. COUGH which is usually dry at first, later with phlegm. PHLEGM is often green-yellow in colour or rust-coloured. It is smelly. The cough worsens over time. Symptoms of pneumonia

21. Other than coughing…. ~ Fever ~ Pain in your chest ~ Night sweats ~ Confusion ~ Breathlessness or faster breathing

22. ~Severe shaking and chills. ~Severe chest pain or tightness in the chest. ~Loss of appetite. ~Tiredness and fatigue ~General muscle aches.

23. Cancers

24. Smoking & Cancers TarTar  causes lung cancer  causes lung cancer  irritates the trachea, makes it narrower.  irritates the trachea, makes it narrower. In the trachea and bronchi of a smoker,In the trachea and bronchi of a smoker, cilia are destroyed by the chemicals in cigarette smoke cilia are destroyed by the chemicals in cigarette smoke ==>mucus is not swept away from the lungs, but remains to clog the air passages. ==>mucus is not swept away from the lungs, but remains to clog the air passages.

25. carbon monoxide (inside cigarette smoke)  lowers the amount of oxygen in blood.  lowers the amount of oxygen in blood.  Carbon dioxide combine with the hemoglobin  Carbon dioxide combine with the hemoglobin  the blood carries much less oxygen round the body  the blood carries much less oxygen round the body Lungs Cancer

26. Smoking affects the function of the immune system increase the risk for respiratory, infections Smoking & Cancers

27. Cigarette smoking alone is directly responsible for approximately 30% of all cancer deaths annually in the United States. disease, heart disease, stroke, development of low birth weight babiesCigarette smoking also contributes to lung disease, heart disease, stroke, and the development of low birth weight babies. Smoking & Cancers

28. Cigarette smoking, cigar smoking and passive smoking can all contribute to both non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer.

29. Smoking is responsible for most cancers: LarynxLarynx LipLip EsophagusEsophagus BladderBladder LungLung Oral cavityOral cavity TongueTongue MouthMouth ThroatThroat EmphysemaEmphysema

30. Highly associated with the development of and deaths from: Liver cancerLiver cancer kidney cancerkidney cancer Stomach cancerStomach cancer Cancer of the nasal cavitiesCancer of the nasal cavities Pancreatic cancerPancreatic cancer Cervical cancerCervical cancer

31. Staging Lung Cancer Cancer spread to other parts of the bodyCancer spread to other parts of the body For Example: Lung Cancer Lung Cancer often spreads to the brain or bonesoften spreads to the brain or bones

32. Ways to Prevent Lung Cancer 1. Quit smoking NOW Quitting smoking is the BEST defense against cancers. 2. Keep away from passive smoking Reduce the chance of breathing in the smoke from cigarette smokers Reduce the risk of getting lung cancer and heart disease 3. Eat more fruits and veggies repair damaged cells

33. The End