2. First aid is the immediate treatment given to the victim of sudden illness before medical aid is available. "Deal gently with people, and be not harsh; cheer them and condemn not

3. A German called Esmarch(1823- 1908)was the originator of first aid. First aid was made popular by St.John’s Ambulance service in England in 1879,British Red Cross Society,St.Ambulance service also made significant contributions in popularising FirstAid

4. A fracture is a break in any bone in the body. Dislocations are bones that have been displaced at a joint. 2 Kinds of Fractures:

5. 1. Simple Fracture also known as Closed Fracture. In this the bone will be broken & there is no wound in the fracture site

6. A COMPOUND FRACTURE pierces through the skin. Serious bleeding may occur with this kind of wound. Do not apply pressure to a compound fracture to stop the bleeding. What to do for a compound fracture: 1. Cover the injured part with a sterile pad 2. Apply a splint to keep the bone from causing further injury to the surrounding tissues 3. Wait for medical help 4. Avoid moving the victim, but keep him warm, comfortable, and reassured.

7. A green stick fracture is an incomplete fracture in a long bone of a child who has not finished growing. A fracture involving a growth plate (the cartilage plate near the end of the bone of a growing child where growth occurs) can lead to disturbances in growth of the bone, even if treated properly.

8. A fracture in which bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of pieces. This fracture is usually produced by high forces or by normal forces in a very fragile bone

9. A breakage of the distal tip of a projectile which is characterized by a missing portion of the tip and an elongate fracture scar extending along one face of the blade. Usually occurring during impact when a point was thrown or shot

11. A bone may be broken or dislocated if any of the following is present: * severe pain when the person tries to move the injured part * severe pain when you press gently on the injured part * inability of the person to move the injured part * swelling or deformity of the injured part * a bone is seen through the open wound Unnatural movement of the site of the fracture. Grating sound can be heard at the site of the fracture.

12. First aid for Fracture/Dislocation * apply a splint to keep joints above and below the fracture from moving * if you think there maybe an injury to the back, neck chest or pelvis, do not try to move the person.get help * Be careful when carrying a person with broken and dislocated bone. If he is carried in the wrong way, his injury may become worse

13. Apply the splint on the site of injury. Do not move the person unless he is in danger. * As much as possible,do not move the fractured or dislocated limb while applying the splint * Any stick-like object or material that is hard can be used for splinting such as wood or umbrella * The splint should go beyond the joints above and below the fractured or dislocated bone to prevent these from moving * Place the cloth between the injured limb and the splint or wrap the splint with a cloth so as not to hurt the person * Place the splint on both sides of the injured limb

14. Important 1. A person who is suspected to have a fracture or dislocation must be brought right away to the hospital for x-ray and proper treatment. The longer the injured person waits, the harder it will be to correct the injury 2. Never massage an injured part that maybe possibly be broken or dislocated. This might do more harm than good to the patient. After the patient has been discharged from the hospital, follow up the patient at home to see whether: * he is in pain * his fingers and toes are blue or cold * he is unable to move his fingers or toes * there is a foul smell under the cast If any of these conditions are present, refer the patient back to the hospital

15. First aid book by Dr.Shashank Text Book of Class X www.parasolemt.com.au/Manual/fractures www.parasolemt.com.au/Manual/fractures. www.irteza’s.com www.med-help.com.