1. How do nuclei rotate? 5. Appearance of bands

2. Deformed mean field solutions This is clearly the case for a well deformed nucleus. Deformed nuclei show regular rotational bands. Spherical nuclei have irregular spectra.

4. E2 radiation M1 radiation

6. Magnetic rotation

7. Shears mechanism Most of interaction is due to polarization of the core. TAC calculations describe the phenomenon.

8. TAC Measurements confirmed the length of the parallel component of the magnetic moment.

9. Antimagnetic rotation Ferromagnet Anti-Ferromagnet Magnetic rotorAntimagnetic rotor

11. Magnetic rotor Antimagnetic rotor small B(E2) (deformation) large B(M1) (transversal no B(M1) (transversal magnetic moment ) magnetic moment) decreases with I Substantial moment of inertia

13. Band termination

14. termination

18. The nature of nuclear rotational bands The experimentalist’s definition of rotational bands: Requirements for the mean field:

19. deformationsupernormalweak axes ratio (  1:2 (0.6)1:1.5 (0.3)1:1.1 (0.1) mass150180200 11/21/7 2420 48 60308 D 0.0050.030.05 Terminating bands

21. Classical periodic orbits in a deformed potential

22. Summary Breaking of rotational symmetry does not always mean substantial deviation of the density distribution from sphericity. Magnetic rotors have a non-spherical arrangement of current loops. They represent the quantized rotation of a magnetic dipole. The angular momentum is generated by the shears mechanism. Antimagnetic rotors are like magnetic ones, without a net magnetic moment and signature symmetry. Bands terminate when all angular momentum of the valence nucleons is aligned. The current loops of the valence orbits determine the current pattern and the moment of inertia.