1. Section 10.2 (Pg. 279-285): The Process of Cell Division

2. Chromosomes Are genetic information bundled into packages of DNA
Eukaryote
Are genetic information bundled into packages of DNA
Make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division
Are packaged differently in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes: small, circular chromosome
Eukaryotes: multiple chromosomes
Prokaryote

4. Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Are made of chromatin
DNA coils around proteins called histones
DNA coiled around histones forms a unit called a nucleosome
Chromosome shape is supercoiled chromatin

6. Prokaryotic Cell Cycle
Prokaryotic cell division is called binary fission
Cell grows and chromosome duplicates
2) Cell membrane pinches in
3) Cell divides into two daughter cells

7. The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
Is when a cell grows, prepares for cell division, then divides
Is separated into two major parts:
Interphase
Cell division
Interphase and cell division have their own phases

8. Interphase Is the portion of a cell’s life in between cell division
G1 phase: Cell Growth
Cell grows and performs normal functions
S phase: DNA Synthesis
DNA is copied for cell division
G2 phase: Preparation for Cell Division
Organelles and molecules are copied for cell division

9. Cell Division Is also called M phase
Contains the phases of cell division
Mitosis
Is the division of the nucleus
Has 4 separate phases
Cytokinesis
Is the division of the cytoplasm

10. DNA During Cell Division
Forms replicated chromosomes
Each half of the chromosome is called a sister chromatid
They are held together by a centromere
Is separated into daughter chromatids during cell division

11. Before Cell Division Cells are in interphase Nucleus is intact
DNA has NOT yet formed chromosomes
Centrioles are lumped together near the nucleus

14. Phases of Mitosis 1) Prophase Replicated chromosomes condense
Nuclear envelope disappears
Nucleolus disappears
Centrioles move to the opposite sides of the cell
Mitotic spindle forms from centrioles

15. Phases of Mitosis 2) Metaphase
Chromosomes attach to the spindles and line up along the center (midline) of the cell

17. Phases of Mitosis 3) Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate and move along the spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell

18. Phases of Mitosis 4) Telophase
Nuclear envelope re-forms around chromatids
Nucleolus re-forms
Chromatids uncoil into chromatin
Spindle breaks apart
Centrioles move near the re-forming nuclei

20. Cytokinesis
Completes cell division by splitting the cell membrane and cytoplasm in two
Different in animal and plant cells
In animal cells the cell membrane pinches the cell in two
In plant cells a cellulose cell plate forms in between the nuclei to make a cell wall