1. „Emission & Regeneration“© Unified Field Theory Osvaldo Domann -Introduction -Methodology -Main characteristics of Fundamental Particles (FPs) -General theoretical part -Coulomb law -Ampere law -Induction law -Time, momentum and force Quantification -Miscellaneous (Special Relativity) -Quantum mechanics -Findings 1 Copyright © The content of the present work, its ideas, axioms, postulates, definitions, derivations, results, findings, etc., can be reproduced only by making clear reference to the author. To prevent plagiarism, all published versions of the work were deposited and attested by a notary since 2003.

2. Methodology 2 Postulated

3. 3 Particle representation

4. Characteristics of the introduced fundamental particles (FPs) Fundamental Particles are postulated. Basic Subatomic Particles (BSPs) are the positrons, the electrons and the neutrinos. Classification of Subatomic Particles. FPs store energy as rotations in moving and transversal directions FPs move with light speed and with nearly infinite speed. Complex Subatomic Particles (CSPs) are the proton, the neutron, nuclei of atoms and the photons. Pairs of FPs with opposed transversal angular momenta generate linear momenta on subatomic particles. FPs interact through their angular momenta. 4

5. Classification of electrons and positrons Introduction 5

6. Distribution in space of the relativistic energy of a BSP with v c Introduction 6

7. 7 Energy flux density Energy density Introduction

8. 8 Linear momentum out of opposed angular momentum Introduction

9. 9 Moving particles with their angular momenta Introduction

10. 10 Fundamental differences in the representation of particles compared with standard theory StandardProposed Point-like simple particlesSpace-like structured particles Particles are static entities Particles are dynamic entities Origin of charge unknownCharge defined by the sense of rotation of emitted FPs Light speed is maximum speedInfinite speed is maximum speed One type of electron and positronTwo types of electrons and positrons Origin of linear momentum unknownLinear momentum generated by the interaction of FP with opposed angular momenta Wave-particle duality No wave associated to a particle

11. Definition of field magnitudes dH Longitudinal emitted field Transversal regenerating field Longitudinal regenerating field Relation between the angular momentum J and the dH Field Introduction 11

12. Time quantification The radius of focal points of BSPs. Quantification 12

13. Interaction laws for field componenets dH of two BSPs 1) Interaction law between two static BSPs (Coulomb) 2) Interaction law between two moving BSPs (Ampere, Lorentz, Bragg) 3) Interaction law between a static and a moving BSP ( Maxwell, Gravitation) 13 Index Differential energy generated by the interaction of two dH fields The three possible combinations of the longitudinal and transversal dH fields give the three types of interactions.

14. 1) Interaction law between two static BSPs (Coulomb) Coulomb law 14

15. 2) Interaction law between two moving BSPs (Ampere, Lorentz and Bragg) Ampere law 15

16. 3) Interaction law between a static and a moving BSP (Maxwell, Gravitation) „Induction law“ Induction law 16

17. 17 Charge and current of Complex Subatomic Particles (CSPs) Introduction Proton Neutron Constituents Positron Electron Binding Energy Charge Mass current Energy of a resting electron

18. 18 Fundamental differences in the representation of ineractions between BSPs and CSPs compared with standard theory An Individual field for each forceA common field for all forces (electric, magnetic, strong, weak, grav.) (dH field) Neutral Particles interact only Neutral particles interact all the time in collisions Electron and positron annihilateElectron and positron compensate and don’t mix in atomic nuclei StandardProposed No quantization of linear momentum Quantized elementary linear momentum No quantization of timeQuantized interaction time Power flow only between charged Constant power flow between all particles, particlesalso neutral particles. Simple representation of Dynamic representation of atomic nuclei, atomic nucleiwhich reintegrate constantly migrated electrons and positrons.

19. Linear momentum as a function of the distance between static BSPs Coulomb 19

20. Diffraction of BSPs at a Crystal due to reitegration of BSPs Ampere law 20

21. Gravitation between two neutrons due to parallel reintegration of BSPs Ampere law 21

22. Gravitation between two neutrons due to aligned reintegration of BSPs At stable nuclei migrated BSPs that interact with BSPs of same charge do not get the necessary energy to cross the potential barrier. Induction law 22 At unstable nuclei some of the migrated BSPs that interact with BSPs of same charge get the necessary energy to cross the potential barrier.

23. Total gravitation force due to the reintegration of BSPs Induction +Ampere 23

24. Linear momentum balance between static and moving BSPs “Induced dp” Elastic scattering Induction law 24

25. Power flow between charged bodies Coulomb+Ampere+Induction 25

26. 26 Mechanism of permanent magnetism due to reintegration of BSPs Ampere Synchronized reintegration of migrated electrons and positrons

27. 27 Quantification of force -----------------------------------------------------------------

28. Neutron and proton composed of accelerating positrons and decelerating electrons Miscellaneous 28

29. Spin of level electrons at Hydrogen and Helium Atoms Miscellaneous 29

30. 30 Stern-Gerlach experiment and the spin of the electorn Miscellaneous

31. 31 Miscellaneous Special Relativity Absorbtion of a component of a photon and subsequent emission with light speed „c“.

32. 32 Life time increase of moving radiating particles

33. 33 Space-time variables Frames for Lorentz transformations General Lorentz transformation

34. 34 Dividing both sides with(no dilatation) with and Speed variables (no space contraction) Frames for Lorentz transformations

35. 35 Relativistic equations Doppler Energy Linear momentum Acceleration with Charge density Current density

36. 36 The transformation rules of SR describe the macroscopic results of the interactions of FPs emitted by electrons and positrons. The special Lorentz transformation is intrinsically a transformation of speed variables. Time and space are absolute variables and equal in all frames. Electromagnetic waves are emitted with light speed c o relative to the frame of the emitting source. Electromagnetic waves that arrive at the atoms of measuring instruments like optical lenses or electric antennae are absorbed and subsequently emitted with light speed c o relative to the measuring instruments. That explains why always light speed is measured in the frame of the instruments. The speed v c of the fourth orthogonal coordinate gives the speed of the FPs emitted continuously by electrons and positrons and which continuously regenerate them. Characteristics of the special LT based on speed variables. All the transformation equations already existent for the electric and magnetic fields, deduced on the base of the invariance of the Maxwell wave equations are still valid for the present approach.

37. 37 Quantum mechanics ProposedNewtonSchrödinger Focal radius Uncertainty principle The wave packet

38. 38 Quantum mechanics Hydrogen Atom

39. 39 Hydrogen AtomQuantum mechanics The relation between the magnetic and orbital quantum numbers is with and

40. Findings of the proposed approach The main findings of the proposed model, from which the presentation is an extract, are: The energy of a BSP is stored in the longitudinal rotation of emitted fundamental particles. The rotation sense of the longitudinal angular momentum of emitted fundamental particles defines the sign of the charge of the BSP. All the basic laws of physics (Coulomb, Ampere, Lorentz, Maxwell, Gravitation, bending of particles and interference of photons, Bragg) are derived from one vector field generated by the longitudinal and transversal angular momentum of fundamental particles, laws that in today's theoretical physics are introduced by separate definitions. The interacting particles (force carriers) for all types of interactions (electromagnetic, strong, weak, gravitation) are the FPs with their longitudinal and transversal angular momentums. Quantification and probability are inherent to the proposed approach. The incremental time to generate the force out of linear momentums is quantized. Findings 40

41. The emitted and regenerating energies of a BSP are quantized in energy quanta Eo. Gravitation has its origin in the momentum of migrated BSPs which is generated when they are reintegrated to their nuclei. The gravitation force is composed of an induced component and a component due to parallel currents of reintegrating BSPs. For galactic distances the induced component can be neglected what explains the flattening of galaxies´ rotation curve. (no dark matter). The photon is a sequence of neutrinos with potentially opposed transversal linear momentum, which are generated by transversal angular momentum of FPs that comply with specific symmetry conditions. The two possible states of the electron spin are replaced by the two types of electrons defined by the proposed theory, namely the accelerating and decelerating electrons. The magnetic moment which is responsible for the splitting of the atomic beam in the Stern-Gerlach experiment is replaced by the quantized interacting of parallel currents. Permanent magnets are explained with the synchronization of reintegrating positrons and electrons at a closed line of atomic nuclei. Findings 41

42. The addition of a wave to a particle (de Broglie) is effectively replaced by a relation between the particles focal radius and its energy. The uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics form pairs of canonical conjugated variables between "energy and space" and "momentum and time". The new general differential equation for the wave function differentiates two times towards time and one towards space, similar to Newton´s equation. The Schrödinger equation results as a particular time independent case of the wave packet. The new quantum mechanics theory, based on the wave functions derived from the focal radius-energy relation, is in accordance with the quantum mechanics theory based on the correspondence principle. The present approach has no energy violation in a virtual process at a vertex of a Feynmann diagram. As the model relies on BSPs permitting the transmission of linear momentum at infinite speed via FPs, it is possible to explain why entangled photons show no time delay when they change their state. Special relativity based on speed variables are free of time dilatation and length contraction. Findings 42

43. 43 The End of “Emission & Regeneration” Unified Field Theory I thank you for your attention. Copyright © The content of the present work, its ideas, axioms, postulates, definitions, derivations, results, findings, etc., can be reproduced only by making clear reference to the author. To prevent plagiarism, all published versions of the work were deposited and attested by a notary since 2003. Osvaldo Domann