1. Cellular Respiration

2. If plants and some protists and bacteria get their energy from light… … then where do we get our energy from?

3. Yep, you guessed it! FOOD!!!

4. But food only provides the raw materials for cells in our bodies to use. What is the raw material food provides?

5. Can anyone think of where this energy comes from? Think back to photosynthesis, its products, and how we might use them! We need another kind of energy to make use of the food that our bodies take in.

6. Our bodies use OXYGEN

7. When we inhale, our bodies take in oxygen to our blood streams Hemoglobin which are part of red blood cells carry the oxygen to all parts of your body.

8. There, it meets with the raw material from the food you have eaten. Remember what that is? Food and oxygen come together in a particular part of the cell and then undergoes… CELLULAR RESPIRATION!

9. If photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts… Where do you think cellular respiration take place? Plant cellAnimal cell

10. Mitochondria

11. Inside the mitochondrial matrix Here, food and oxygen come together with the help of enzymes Oxygen digests the food through several complicated cell cycles (these are really detailed processes that are very important but too much for right now…come ask me later if you want to know more about them) As food is digested, water and carbon dioxide are released

12. So what have we got? We’ve eaten some food and gotten glucose from it We’ve breathed in some oxygen We’ve digested the glucose using oxygen We’ve released water and carbon dioxide

13. So, can you figure out the formula for cellular respiration?? (Hint: It has an interesting relationship to the formula for photosynthesis)

14. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP + + +  Cellular Respiration Equation Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

15. What TYPES of organisms do cellular respiration?

16. Organisms that do CELLULAR RESPIRATION: Bacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals In short – almost ALL organisms undergo cellular respiration (also known as AEROBIC RESPIRATION)!

17. EXCEPT FOR… SOME bacteria, who undergo a similar process called ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION, which does NOT require oxygen. Instead, this process may use nitrate, sulfate, or carbonate… HOWEVER, it does not result in as much ATP production as when oxygen is used

18. Let’s Review: Which process do each of these formulas represent? light + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 light + carbon dioxide + water  glucose (sugar) + oxygen C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

19. LOOK AT THE FORMULAS CAREFULLY. HOW ARE THESE TWO PROCESSES RELATED? light + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 light + carbon dioxide + water  glucose (sugar) + oxygen C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

20. What is the PURPOSE of each process? light + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 light + carbon dioxide + water  glucose (sugar) + oxygen C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

21. If PHOTOSYNTHESIS produces food (glucose), then why is cellular respiration a necessary NEXT STEP? light + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 light + carbon dioxide + water  glucose (sugar) + oxygen C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

22. So…do ALL PHOTOSYNTHETIC organisms ALSO carry out CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

23. So…do ALL organisms that carry out cellular respiration ALSO do photosynthesis?

24. What do we call organisms that CANNOT carry out photosynthesis, and must therefore EAT FOOD to obtain glucose? (there are two words for this…)

25. QUICK REVIEW: WHY DO (non-photosynthesizing) ORGANISMS NEED TO EAT? WHY DO ALL ORGANISMS NEED TO BREATHE (or “take in” gases in the air)? WHAT TYPES of organisms undergo: –Photosynthesis? –Cellular respiration? WHY are photosynthesizing and non- photosynthesizing organisms CO- DEPENDENT?

26. How can you relate CELLULAR RESPIRATION to the “gummy bear sacrifice” demonstration?

27. ARE YOU READY FOR SOME COMPETITION?!? Let’s think about some big ideas here… dry-erase boards out!!

28. In what organelle does the process of photosynthesis take place?

29. In what organelle does the process of cellular respiration take place?

30. What ingredients are needed to fuel the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

31. Where do the ingredients needed for PHOTOSYNTHESIS come from? (3 sources needed for full credit)

32. What ingredients are needed to fuel the process of CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

33. Where do the ingredients needed for CELLULAR RESPIRATION come from?

34. What is PRODUCED as a result of PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

35. What is PRODUCED as a result of CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

36. Organisms that carry out PHOTOSYNTHESIS are also known as WHAT? (Add 1 bonus point if you can identify two different terms for this)

37. Organisms that DO NOT carry out photosynthesis are known as what? (Add 1 bonus point if you can identify two different terms for this)

38. What TYPES of organisms can do PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

39. What types of organisms can do CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

40. WHY DO ALL ORGANISMS NEED TO BREATHE (or take in gases from the air in some way)?

41. What is the name of the pigment that is required for photosynthesis because it absorbs light?

42. The chlorophyll present in MOST photosynthetic organisms reflects wavelengths that correspond to which color?

43. Why do leaves change color in the fall?

44. WHY do photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms depend directly on one another?

45. BONUS (2 POINTS): In what part of the chloroplast do the “Light Independent” reactions of photosynthesis take place?