1. Mitosis and Meiosis Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Biology Fall 2012

2. Objectives Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction Identify three types of asexual reproduction Evaluate the relative genetic and evolutionary advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction

3. Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Reproduction: the process of producing offspring, can be asexual or sexual

4. Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction: single parent passes copies of all of its genes to each of its offspring ▫No fusion of haploid cells such as gametes Clone: individual produced by asexual reproduction, genetically identical to its parents Example: prokaryotes, binary fission ▫Do eukaryotes reproduce asexually?

5. Asexual Reproduction ProkaryotesEukaryotes

6. Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction: two parents each form reproductive cells that have one-half the number of chromsomes ▫Haploid gametes form diploid offspring ▫“2 halves make a whole” Offspring have traits of both parents Occurs in eukaryotes

7. Sexual Reproduction

8. Types of Asexual Reproduction Fission: separation of a parent into two or more individuals of about equal size ▫Prokaryotes

9. Types of Asexual Reproduction Fragmentation: body breaks into several pieces, fragments develop into complete adults ▫Eukaryotes

10. Types of Asexual Reproduction Budding: new individuals split off from existing ones ▫Eukaryotes

11. Genetic Diversity Asexual reproduction Advantages: ▫Simplest and most primitive method of reproduction ▫Allows organism to produce many offspring with less energy Disadvantages: ▫DNA varies little between individuals ▫Less adaptation abilities

12. Genetic Diversity Sexual Reproduction: Advantages: ▫Genetic variation Disadvantages: ▫Takes more time and energy

13. Sexual Life Cycle in Eukaryotes Life cycle: entire span in the life cycle of an organism from one generation to the next Eukaryotes that undergo sexual reproduction can have one of three types of sexual life cycles: ▫Haploid ▫Diploid (humans) ▫Alternation of generations

14. Review True or False: 1.Only prokaryotes undergo asexual reproduction 2.A benefit of asexual reproduction is that it can produce many offspring quickly 3.A disadvantage of sexual reproduction is that it provides genetic variation 4.Humans undergo a diploid life cycle

15. Answers 1.Only prokaryotes undergo asexual reproduction False 2.A benefit of asexual reproduction is that it can produce many offspring quickly True 3.A disadvantage of sexual reproduction is that it provides genetic variation False 4.Humans undergo a diploid life cycleTrue