1. CELL PROCESSES AND ENERGY UNIT PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION, AND FERMENTATION

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food. Photosynthesis happens in a 2 stage process: 1.Capturing the Sun’s energy 2.Using that energy to make food

3. CAPTURING THE SUN’S ENERGY Chloroplasts Contain a pigment called chlorophyll Chlorophyll absorb sunlight (energy from the sun)

4. USING ENERGY TO STORE FOOD (STORED ENERGY) Carbon Dioxide and Water in Chloroplasts Plants absorb water from the environment (through the air or roots) Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the environment (air or water) Inside the chloroplasts, these two compounds undergo complex chemical changes Created C 6 H 12 O 6 (Glucose (a simple sugar)) – FOOD O 2 (Oxygen) – Some used by the plant/Most exits the plant as a waste product

5. RESPIRATION The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose using oxygen. Respiration happens in a 2 stage process: 1.Glucose in Cytoplasm is broken down into smaller molecules – Releases small amounts of ENERGY 2.Glucose enters Mitochondria and combine with oxygen – Releases large amounts of ENERGY

6. USING FOOD TO RELEASE ENERGY Glucose combines with oxygen Glucose comes from the broken down food heterotrophs eat Oxygen comes from the absorption of the gas from our environment (Humans breath and oxygen is absorbed by the lungs) Inside the Mitochondria these compounds undergo chemical changes Created CO 2 – (Carbon Dioxide) – A waste product H 2 O – (Water) – A waste product and a product that is used ENERGY – Used by the Heterotroph for functions

7. FERMENTATION An energy-releasing process that breaks down glucose without combining it with oxygen. Does not provide as much energy as respiration 2 Types Alcoholic Fermentation Yeast and other single celled organisms break down glucose to form CO 2 (Carbon Dioxide), Alcohol, and ENERGY Lactic Acid Fermentation Your cells break down glucose to form Lactic Acid and ENERGY

8. PRODUCTS AND REACTANTS Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Reactants: Materials you have before the reaction (Left side of the arrow) Products: Materials you have after the reaction (Right side of the arrow) Energy ProductsReactants “Yields”

9. PRODUCTS AND REACTANTS Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy “Yields” ProductsReactants

10. BIG IDEA Photosynthesis – STORES ENERGY Respiration – RELEASES ENERGY USING OXYGEN-LARGE AMOUNTS OF ENERGY Fermentation – RELEASES ENERGY WITHOUT OXYGEN- SMALL AMOUNTS OF ENERGY