1.  Pages 476 - 495

5. Non-living particles that can’t reproduce nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat Smaller than the smallest bacterium Do replicate on their own Must have a host

6. Don’t carry out respiration, develop or grow ~~Influenza, smallpox, HIV, Herpes I and Herpes II Can mutate to become more dangerous Bacteriophages infect bacterial cells All living organisms can contract viruses Some are species specific – HIV only affects humans Have to have a host to replicate Found soil, air water

12. Lytic Cycle Lysogenic Cycle

13. A virus takes over a host’s genetic material The cell bursts (Lysis) and viruses spread Uses its structures and energy to replicate many viruses

14. Lytic Cycle

15. ** The virus’s nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) is integrated into the host cell’s chromosome ** The virus lay “dormant” as the cell reproduces itself ** The cell is then called a provirus

16. After the virus has inserted its genetic material (Step 1)

20.  Tobacco Mosaic virus causes leaves to turn yellow and can’t be sold at market

21. Herpes Zoster (chicken pox), Herpes simplex I (cold Sores), herpes simplex II (Genital Herpes), and hepatitis B (affects liver)

22. RNA viruses—RNA being their only HIV that causes the disease AIDS

23. Infects white blood cells (remember B and T Cells!!!) Released into the blood stream by exocytosis and infect other white blood cells.

25. Viruses linked to cancer disrupt mitosis HPV is the most common Human Papilloma Virus causes genital warts and accounts for about 76% of cervical cancers

27.  Archaebacteria – The extremist; Oldest; salt- loving; heat-loving  Eubacteria  Some are photosynthetic - photosynthesis  Some undergo chemosynthesis – break down surrounding organic compounds for food  Some are heterotrophs – “eat” their own food

28. Binary FissionConjugation Type of ReproductionAsexualSexual -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How it HappensOne bacterium one bacterium makes a copy oftransfers its chromosomeschromosomes to and splits into twoanother bacterium through pili ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Description of CellsGeneticallyGenetically different Producedidentical

29. Flagellum Ribosome Cytoplasm Chromosome capsule Cell Wall Cell Membrane Pili

30.  Endospore forms around bacteria during harsh conditions  Cells grow and reproduce  Can produce toxins  Botulism (food poisoning), anthrax (lives in soil)  Can mutate quickly to environmental change and become more dangerous

31.  Some make you sick and can bcome antibiotic resistant  Strep throat  Food poisoning  Some Pneumonias  Lyme disease  Tuberculosis  Cavities

32.  Nitrogen fixation (plant root convert nitrogen gas into usable nitrogen for the plant)  Return nutrients to soil  Produce oxygen  Production of cheese, yogurt and pickles  E. coli in the intestines  Used in farming, medicine and food industry