1. National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Spring Meeting Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce April 9, 2009

2. Carnevale, Strohl and Smith, 2009 Figure 1: The Business Cycle: We need to think about acting in a recession as setting the grounds for recovery Source: CEW’s Analysis of Macroeconomic Advisers (MA) Long-term Economic Outlook, January 2009

3. Carnevale, Strohl and Smith, 2009 Figure 2: Those with relatively lower levels of human capital are most negatively affected by recessions Unemployment by Education Level Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Situation (various years)

4. Carnevale, Strohl and Smith, 2009 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Situation (February 2009) Figure 3: Most current data on unemployment by education level

5. Figure 4: Education Requirements for Stimulus Package Jobs Source: Carnevale, Strohl and Smith’s analysis of O*NET Education and Training data by Occupation Carnevale, Strohl and Smith, 2009

6. *Non-college jobs include high school dropouts, high school graduates, post-secondary certificates and some college but no degree. Source: Carnevale, Strohl and Smith’s analysis of O*NET Education and Training data by Occupation Carnevale, Strohl and Smith, 2009 Figure 5: Many of the non-college jobs* in the stimulus package require employer-paid classroom training which is often short and could be satisfied by job preparation and other training

7. Carnevale, Strohl and Smith, 2009 Figure 6: Distribution of Education in Jobs, (1973, 1992, 2007, 2018) Percentage of prime-age (25-54) employment Source: CEW’s Analysis of March CPS data, various years

8. Figure 7: On average, earnings follow the hierarchy of educational attainment Carnevale, Strohl and Smith, 2009

9. Figure 8: But earnings also depend on field of study Source: National Educational Longitudinal Study, 2000 Carnevale, Strohl and Smith, 2009

10. Figure 9: Sometimes Certificates are more valuable than AAs or even BAs a Certificate in Engineering earns more than an AA in the Liberal Arts, Education and Social and Natural Sciences and more than a BA in Education Carnevale, Strohl and Smith, 2009

11. Figure 10: Even when one receives an AA degree, there is wide variation in the earnings Carnevale, Strohl and Smith, 2009 Source: March CPS data, 2007