1. Protozoa General characteristic of the Protozoa are :
1- Unicellular ( consist of one cell ) this cell performs all phsiological function ( activities ) of life such as locomation , reproduction , respiration , ingestion , digestion and excretion .
2- They vary in size and shape some are visible while others require high magnification ( by microscope ) .
3- The majority of protozoa are free living but some are parasitic .
4- Both sexual and asexual reproduction occur in protozoa ( the majority of protozoa reproduce by asexual reproduction ) .

2. Class : Mastigophora Order:kinetoplastida Family: trypanosomatidae Genus:trypanosoma Disease:typansomiasis T.gambiense :cause African sleeping sickness in human T .crusi :cause chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in human and dog. 3- T .evansi : cause surra disease of all domestic animals. 4- T. equiperdum : cause Dourine disease in horse & donky .

3. Transmission or intermediet hosts (vector):-
T .brucei
T .gambiense tse tse fly (glossina).
T .rhodesiense
T .evansi tabanus (horse fly).
T .cruzi kissing bug (panstrongylus).
T. equiperdum transmition by coitus .
Trypanosoma are present in blood , lymph , lymphnodes and cerebrospinal fluid .trypanosoma is multiply by longitudinal binary fission.

4. Trypanosoma can be divided in to two groups:-
Salivaria groups stercoraria groups
T .brucei T.cruzi
T .gambiense T.lewsi
T .rhodesiense T.theileri
T .evansi
T .equiperdum

5. Morphology :-
1-trypanosmes is an elongated , spindle-shape cell with a single nucleus near the middle of parasite.
2-it has kinetoplast.
3-it has undulating membrane.
4-possess a slender-single flagella at the anterior end.
5-flagellum serve as organ of attachment and locomotion.
6-there are four stages in life cycle :-
A –trypomastigote:- postnuclear kinetoplast , flagellum start from anterior end with undulating membrane , found in vertebrate and insects .
B –epimastigote:- kinetoplast anterior to nucleus flagellum emerging from the body and continuing to the anterior end with short undulating membrane.

6. C –promastigote:- kinetoplast at the anterior end
C –promastigote:- kinetoplast at the anterior end. Flagellum emerging from anterior end of the body . there is no undulating membrane.
D–amastigote:- spherical or oval in shape without undulating membrane . flagellum not extend from outside the membrane , start from the kinetoplast .
Diagnosis:-
1.blood smear , trypanosomes found in blood.
2.Lymph smear .
3.Serological test .

7. Trypomastigote
Epimastigote
Promastigote
Amastigote
FORM

8. Trypanosoma cruzi. A, B, C: Trypomastigotes in blood; D, E: epimastigote (with short anterior undulating membrane); F: amastigote colony in heart muscle.

10. Bug Kissing found in Texas

12. thanks