1. Chapter 18 Classification of Organisms Selent

2. Why Classify Organisms What are the Names of these fish?

4. Categories of Biological Classification Organisms are grouped into large categories that are divided into smaller more specific categories. –Taxonomy – the science of naming and classifying organisms based on their characteristics and evolutionary history. –Binomial nomenclature – two-word system for naming organisms developed by Carolus Linnaeus. The naming system consists of the genus name followed by a descriptive word.

5. Scientific Names Genus – a taxonomic category containing similar species. Scientific name – universally recognized two-word name for an organism, genus and species names. Quercus rubra (Red Oak)

6. Smaller Groups Some taxonomists divide the categories into more specific categories.  Varieties – division of species for Plants  Subspecies – division of species - Zoologists

7. Writing Scientific Names The genus name is capitalized and The species name is lowercase. Both names are either italicized or underlined. Quercus rubra (Red Oak)

8. Rules to Scientific Names Consists of 2 Latin words or terms created acording to the rules of Latin grammar. 2 different organisms can not have the same species name. –Similar organisms will share the same genus –Species name is a descriptor word.

9. First System of Classification Linnaeus – developed a system of classification based on similar features. –Very simple system with only a few categories. –Building block for our modern system.

10. System of Classifying Organisms Seven Levels of Classification 1.KingdomKings 2.PhylumPlay 3.ClassChess 4.OrderOnly 5.FamilyFor 6.GenusGreat 7.Species Steaks

11. Recognition of Species Biological Species – Organisms with similar morphology and the ability to reproduce creating fully fertile offspring.

12. The Six kingdom System Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

13. Archaebacteria Unicellular prokaryotes with distinctive cell membranes, some are autotrophic, they live in harsh climates.

14. Eubacteria “True” bacteria, unicellular prokaryotes, bacteria found in everyday life some are autotrophic.

15. Protista Eukaryotic mostly single celled some may be multicellular, lack specialized tissue.

16. Fungi Heterotrophic unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms. Absorb nutrients rather than ingesting them. Molds and Mushrooms

17. Plantae Multicellular plants, most are autotrophic, few are parasitic.

18. Animalia Eukaryotic multicellular heterotrophic organisms.

19. Three-Domain System Based off the comparison of rRnA: living things fall into these three domains Bacteria (eubacteria) Archaea (archaebacteria) Eukarya (eukayotes) 1.Protista 2.Plantae 3.Fungi 4.Animalia