1. Classification of Organisms
Chapter 17
Classification of Organisms

2. Taxonomy
Taxonomy – the science of grouping organisms according to presumed natural relationships

3. History of Classification
Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first person to classify nature.
Aristotle classified organisms into plant or animal.
Plants were classified by their stem difference into grasses, bushes or trees.
Animals were classified by air, land or water.

4. Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus – ( ) Swedish naturalist father of binomial nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature – 2 name system that became the modern scientific method of naming organisms.
First name Genus, Second name species – first name Capitalized, second name lower case. Genus, species
Examples: Canus lupus, Homo sapiens

5. Common language of educated people
Linnaeus used Latin
Common language of educated people

6. Levels of Classification
Structurally similar – species
Similar species – genus
Similar genera – family
Similar families – order
Similar orders – class
Similar class - phylum (animal like) or division – (plant like)
Similar phylum – kingdom
Similar kingdoms - domain

7. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Daring King Paul called out for good soup
These are the 8 major levels of classification – each group or level becomes smaller and smaller or more and more select.

10. Additional levels
Subspecies – morphologically different, geographically separated
Strain – biochemically dissimilar
Variety – morphologically different, not geographically separated

11. How to Classify Morphology Biological Species Concept – BSC
Biochemistry
Phylogeny – Phylogenic tree
Embryology
Chromosomes

12. Phylogenetic Diagram of Major Groups of Organisms

13. Six Kingdoms

14. Biosystemics
When analyzing the diversity of organisms and their natural relationships
Considering all fossil, biochemical, morphological, etc similarities when classifying organisms.

15. Modern Classification System
Six kingdoms – based on cell structure, tissue structure, nutritional requirements, and developmental patterns

16. Kingdom and Domain Characteristics

17. Eubacteria
All true bacteria, single celled prokaryotic organisms. Unicellular, heterotrophic and autotrophic.

18. Archaebacteria
Ancient bacteria -single celled prokaryotic organisms. Unicellular, heterotrophic and autotrophic

19. Protista
Mostly single celled eukaryotic organisms. Heterotrophic and autotrophic

20. Fungi
Unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms. Heterotrophic.

21. Plantae Multicellular Eukaryotic organisms. Autotrophic.

22. Animalia
Multicellular eukaryotic organisms. Heterotrophic.

23. Dichotomous Key
Identification key that uses two or more descriptive choices to help name and identify an organism
Example:
The organism is green go to A
The organism is not green go to B
A the organism is a green algae
B the organism is not a green algae

24. Dichotomous Key Vocabulary
Radial Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
Radiating
Spines
Elongated
External covering soft
External covering hard
Bristles

25. Antennae
Appendages
Feelerlike

26. Branched

27. References Modern Biology Modern Biology Resources: Ch17/60309.html
Campbell’s Biology
Websites:

28. Multiple Choice 1. Which information is given in a species name?
Chapter 17
Multiple Choice
1. Which information is given in a species name?
A. genus and order
B. division and genus
C. genus and species identifier
D. species identifier and phylum

29. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 17
Multiple Choice, continued
1. Which information is given in a species name?
A. genus and order
B. division and genus
C. genus and species identifier
D. species identifier and phylum

30. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 17
Multiple Choice, continued
2. To which level of classification does a group of closely related species of organisms belong?
F. class
G. order
H. genus
J. kingdom

31. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 17
Multiple Choice, continued
2. To which level of classification does a group of closely related species of organisms belong?
F. class
G. order
H. genus
J. kingdom

32. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 17
Multiple Choice, continued
3. Eukaryotic organisms that have a nucleus and organelles, have a cell wall made of chitin, and secrete digestive enzymes belong to which kingdom?
A. Fungi
B. Plantae
C. Protista
D. Animalia

33. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 17
Multiple Choice, continued
3. Eukaryotic organisms that have a nucleus and organelles, have a cell wall made of chitin, and secrete digestive enzymes belong to which kingdom?
A. Fungi
B. Plantae
C. Protista
D. Animalia

34. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 17
Multiple Choice, continued
Complete the following analogy:
4. class : order :: kingdom :
A. genus
B. domain
C. species
D. phylum

35. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 17
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Complete the following analogy:
4. class : order :: kingdom :
A. genus
B. domain
C. species
D. phylum

36. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 17
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the diagram below to answer question 5. The diagram represents the eight levels of classification.

37. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 17
Multiple Choice, continued
5. Which level of classification represents a species?
F. A
G. C
H. D
J. G

38. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 17
Multiple Choice, continued
5. Which level of classification represents a species?
F. A
G. C
H. D
J. G