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Arthropod Groups David J. Shetlar, Ph.D. The “BugDoc” The Ohio State University, OARDC & OSU Extension Columbus, OH © October, 2004, D.J. Shetlar, all rights reserved
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What is Entomology? The study of insects (and their near relatives). What are insects (and near relatives)? Insects and their relatives are ARTHROPODS.
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Review of Zoological Nomenclature (classifying & naming) Taxonomic Categories Phylum Class Order Family Genus Genus & species
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Review of Zoological Nomenclature Taxonomic Categories Kingdom - Animalae Phylum - Arthropoda Class - Hexapoda (=Insecta) Order - Coleoptera Family - Scarabaeidae Genus - Popillia Genus & species - Popillia japonica Newman
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Characteristics of the Phylum Arthropoda The segmented bodies are arranged into regions, called tagmata (e.g., head, thorax, abdomen). The paired appendages (e.g., legs, antennae) are jointed. They posses a chitinous exoskeletion that must be shed during growth. They have bilateral symmetry. The nervous system is ventral (belly) and the circulatory system is open and dorsal (back).
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What are some other Animal Phyla? Protozoa - single-celled animals. Platyhelminthes - flatworms, tapeworms Nematoda - roundworms Mollusca - clams, snails & slugs, squids Echinodermata - starfish, sea urchins Annelida - segmented worms (earthworms) Chordata - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
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Arthropod Groups (taxa) The arthropods are divided into two large groups that exist today: The Chelicerates and The Mandibulates
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Chelicerate Arthropod Characters: Pincher-like mouthparts - chelicerae - and pedipalps NO antennae Two body regions, usually - cephalothorax & abdomen Four pairs of legs Horseshoe crabs and arachnids are only living groups
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Mandibulate Arthropod Characters: Mouthparts are mandibles - normally chewing sideways One or two pairs of antennae Various body region arrangements - cephalothorax & abdomen / head & trunk / head, thorax & abdomen Variable leg numbers Insects, crustaceans & myriapods
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Orders of Arachnids Scorpiones - scorpions Pseudoscorpiones - false scorpions Opiliones - daddy-long-legs or harvestmen Acari - mites & ticks Araneae - spiders
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Scorpion Tick (a mite) Pseudoscorpion Daddy-long-legs Wolf Spider
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Scorpion Anatomy
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chelicerae eyespedipalp
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Pseudoscorpion
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pedipalps & chelicerae cephalothorax abdomen Mite and Tick Body Regions
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American dog tick male Blacklegged (deer) tick female
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American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).
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Clover mites Twospotted spider mites Predatory mite
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Opiliones (=daddy-long-legs, harvestmen) cephalothoraxabdomen
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pedipalp chelicera (fang) cephalothorax abdomen narrow waist Spider Anatomy
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Abdomen Pedipalp Chelicera (fang) Cephalothorax Jumping Spider
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Wolf spider with egg caseSpitting spider Tarantula Orbweaving spider
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Black widow with egg case Brown recluse (fiddleback)
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Classes of Myriapods (many legged arthropods) (all have one pair of antennae, a head region, and trunk with many pairs of legs, use trachea) Diplopoda - millipedes Chilopoda - centipedes Symphyla - garden centipedes
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Myriapods Millipede (Diplopoda) Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached under body. Centipede (Chilopoda) Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible segment - attached to side of body. Symphylan (Symphyla) [garden centipede] No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body. [one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs]
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Millipede (Diplopoda) Centipede (Chilopoda) Garden centipede (Symphyla)
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Classes of Crustacea (mostly marine, fresh water, a few terrestrial) (all have two pair of antennae, five or more pairs of legs, segmented abdominal appendages, head & trunk or cephalothorax & abdomen body arrangement, have gills) Isopoda - sowbugs or pillbugs Amphipoda - sand fleas, amphipods Cirripedia - barnicles Decapoda - crabs, lobster, shrimp several other minor orders
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Crayfish cephalothorax (Decapoda) Sowbug (Isopoda), a terrestrial crustacean
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