1. Arthropod Groups David J. Shetlar, Ph.D. The “BugDoc” The Ohio State University, OARDC & OSU Extension Columbus, OH © October, 2004, D.J. Shetlar, all rights reserved

2. What is Entomology? The study of insects (and their near relatives). What are insects (and near relatives)? Insects and their relatives are ARTHROPODS.

3. Review of Zoological Nomenclature (classifying & naming) Taxonomic Categories Phylum Class Order Family Genus Genus & species

4. Review of Zoological Nomenclature Taxonomic Categories Kingdom - Animalae Phylum - Arthropoda Class - Hexapoda (=Insecta) Order - Coleoptera Family - Scarabaeidae Genus - Popillia Genus & species - Popillia japonica Newman

5. Characteristics of the Phylum Arthropoda The segmented bodies are arranged into regions, called tagmata (e.g., head, thorax, abdomen). The paired appendages (e.g., legs, antennae) are jointed. They posses a chitinous exoskeletion that must be shed during growth. They have bilateral symmetry. The nervous system is ventral (belly) and the circulatory system is open and dorsal (back).

6. What are some other Animal Phyla? Protozoa - single-celled animals. Platyhelminthes - flatworms, tapeworms Nematoda - roundworms Mollusca - clams, snails & slugs, squids Echinodermata - starfish, sea urchins Annelida - segmented worms (earthworms) Chordata - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

7. Arthropod Groups (taxa) The arthropods are divided into two large groups that exist today: The Chelicerates and The Mandibulates

8. Chelicerate Arthropod Characters: Pincher-like mouthparts - chelicerae - and pedipalps NO antennae Two body regions, usually - cephalothorax & abdomen Four pairs of legs Horseshoe crabs and arachnids are only living groups

9. Mandibulate Arthropod Characters: Mouthparts are mandibles - normally chewing sideways One or two pairs of antennae Various body region arrangements - cephalothorax & abdomen / head & trunk / head, thorax & abdomen Variable leg numbers Insects, crustaceans & myriapods

10. Orders of Arachnids Scorpiones - scorpions Pseudoscorpiones - false scorpions Opiliones - daddy-long-legs or harvestmen Acari - mites & ticks Araneae - spiders

11. Scorpion Tick (a mite) Pseudoscorpion Daddy-long-legs Wolf Spider

12. Scorpion Anatomy

14. chelicerae eyespedipalp

15. Pseudoscorpion

16. pedipalps & chelicerae cephalothorax abdomen Mite and Tick Body Regions

17. American dog tick male Blacklegged (deer) tick female

18. American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).

19. Clover mites Twospotted spider mites Predatory mite

20. Opiliones (=daddy-long-legs, harvestmen) cephalothoraxabdomen

21. pedipalp chelicera (fang) cephalothorax abdomen narrow waist Spider Anatomy

22. Abdomen Pedipalp Chelicera (fang) Cephalothorax Jumping Spider

23. Wolf spider with egg caseSpitting spider Tarantula Orbweaving spider

24. Black widow with egg case Brown recluse (fiddleback)

25. Classes of Myriapods (many legged arthropods) (all have one pair of antennae, a head region, and trunk with many pairs of legs, use trachea) Diplopoda - millipedes Chilopoda - centipedes Symphyla - garden centipedes

26. Myriapods Millipede (Diplopoda) Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached under body. Centipede (Chilopoda) Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible segment - attached to side of body. Symphylan (Symphyla) [garden centipede] No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body. [one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs]

27. Millipede (Diplopoda) Centipede (Chilopoda) Garden centipede (Symphyla)

28. Classes of Crustacea (mostly marine, fresh water, a few terrestrial) (all have two pair of antennae, five or more pairs of legs, segmented abdominal appendages, head & trunk or cephalothorax & abdomen body arrangement, have gills) Isopoda - sowbugs or pillbugs Amphipoda - sand fleas, amphipods Cirripedia - barnicles Decapoda - crabs, lobster, shrimp several other minor orders

29. Crayfish cephalothorax (Decapoda) Sowbug (Isopoda), a terrestrial crustacean