2. The Tree of Life: What is the Point?

3. Big Question Why Do We Classify Organisms?

4. Classification A process of grouping by similarities

5. Every Day Classification Organization at your desk.

6. The Science of Classification Scientist who classify or organize organisms (animals and plants) are called taxonomists. Taxonomists study taxonomy.

7. Taxonomy Branch of biology that groups and names organisms

8. New Discoveries Questions How can you answer these questions? Why is Taxonomy Important? Unknown species discovered. New fossil Uncovered.

9. What is Classification? Classification arranges objects, ideas, or information into groups by finding common traits or characters.

10. The History of Organization Aristotle 384-322 BC Interested in biological classification. Patterns in nature. Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778 ACE Father of Biological Classification!

11. 2 Categories –Plants and Animals Animals – classified on where they lived –Land, water or air Plants – classified on the basis of structure and size –Tree, shrub, herb

12. Grouped organisms by similar structure Created two-part naming system Grouped similar species into same genus

13. Why Scientists Name Animals Varecia variegata

14. 2 word latin name (by Linneus) Uses genus and species name (or descriptive name) Italics is used and Genus is capitalized –Quercus alba = white oak

15. Genus Species Common Name _______________________________________ Canisfamilaralis Canis lupus Felis domesticus Felis concolor Dog Wolf House Cat Mountain lion

16. How Classification Works Groups are arranged in hierarchical order.

17. Classification Puzzle

18. Brings order to the great diversity of life forms Serves as a basis for identifying unfamiliar organisms Provides a logical means of naming organisms

19. A series of paired statements used to identify organisms 1a. Has fur, go to…………………………2 b. Does not have fur……………………3 2a. Has straight fur………………………4 b. Has curly fur………………………….5 3a. Rough skin……………………………6 b. Smooth skin…………………………..7

20. Classification of life forms 3 Domains of Life Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Includes various Kingdoms: Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Consist of PROKARYOTES

21. Domains of Life

22. 7 Classification Groups: Kingdom (most inclusive) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (most specific) K ing P hillip C ame O ver F or G ood S paghetti

23. ORGANIZATION KINGDOMLargest PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIESSmallest

24. Which is the most difficult to assign? Species: Most specific Successful interbreeding Fertile offspring Donkey + Horse= Mule (infertile)

25. Cladogram A diagram showing branching from a common ancestor Traits separate each organisms – derived traits Assumption – groups of organisms that diverge from common ancestor retain unique inherited characteristics

26. Organisms Classified Today Using: Structure Biochemistry Embryology Breeding Behavior Geographic Distribution Homologous parts DNA and proteins Embryos Courtship patterns Location (with reference to barriers)

27. 5 Major Kingdoms: 1.Monera 2.Protista 3.Fungi 4.Plantae 5.Animalia 1 cell, prokaryotes 1/multicell, eukaryotes & algae Multicelled, decomposers Muticelled, autotrophs Muticelled heterotrophs

28. KINGDOM MONERA SEPARATED INTO TWO GROUPS –ARCHAEBACTERIA –EUBACTERIA TRUE BACTERIA ANCIENT BACTERIA

29. ARCHAEBACTERIA PROKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR HETEROTROPH / AUTOTROPHS –CHEMOSYNTHETIC – CHEMICALS TO MAKE NRG LIVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS –SWAMPS, HYDROTHERMAL VENTS MORE COMPLEX THAN EUBACTERIA CELL WALL SEVERAL HUNDRED SPECIES

30. ARCHAEBACTERIA VENT BACTERIASALT-LOVING BACTERIA

31. EUBACTERIA “TRUE BACTERIA” PROKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR HETEROTROPH STRONG CELL WALLS SOME CAUSE DISEASE, BUT MOST HARMLESS

32. EUBACTERIA

33. PROTISTA EUKARYOTES –NUCLEUS, MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES UNICELLULAR, SOME MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS & AUTOTROPHS MOST VARIED GROUP LACK ORGAN SYSTEMS MOIST ENVIRONMENTS

34. PROTISTA

35. EUKARYOTIC SOME UNICELLULAR, MOST MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS –DECOMPOSERS (SAPROPHYTES) ABSORB FOOD THROGH CELL WALLS 100,000 DIFFERENT SPECIES

38. EUKARYOTIC MULTICELLULAR AUTOTROPHS DO NOT MOVE CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS CELL WALLS – CELLULOSE 500,000+ SPECIES

40. EUKARYOTES MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS NEARLY ALL MOVE NO CELL WALLS (MEMBRANE ONLY) CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES, ORGANS, SYSTEMS

43. Feline Family Members:

44. Genus: Panthera (Lions &Tigers)

45. Classification by characteristics: Fossil Skulls DNA Sequences Hair Samples Pictures Most Useful Least