1. Classification of Living Things Chapter 7

2. Why There is a Need for Classifying There are well over 2 million different types of organisms known.

3. Why There is a Need for Classifying Biologists place the organisms into groups based on their characteristics. By classifying, biologists can organize living things into groups.

4. Taxonomy The branch of Biology that deals with the naming and placing of all organisms into groups.

5. Early Classification Schemes The earliest attempt at classifying organisms placed all organisms into one of two groups.

7. Classification by Aristotle and Theophrastus Aristotle classified animals according to where in the environment they lived. Theophratus classified plants according to their stem structure

10. The early Classification schemes were based mainly on structural similarities.

11. Today’s Classification Schemes The basis for modern Taxonomy centers around evolutionary relationships

12. Today’s Classification Schemes Today Taxonomists use a variety of information to classify or group organisms.

13. Structural Biochemical Cytological Information Embryological Information Behavioral

14. The 5 Kingdom System Of Classification All Living things on earth can be placed in one of 5 groups known as Kingdoms

15. 5 Kingdom Classification

16. Kingdom Monera Unicellular Prokaryotic may be photosynthetic, chemosynthetic, or feed by absorption.

17. Bactreia are common monerans

18. Kingdom Protista Most are unicellular Eukaryotic may be photosynthetic, may feed by absorption, or may ingest food.

19. Protists

20. Kingdom Fungi Most multicellular although some are unicellular. Eukaryotic cell structure Absorptive Heterotrophs Non Motile

21. Fungi

22. Kindom Plantae Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Non Motile

23. Plants

24. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Eukaryotic Ingestive Heterotrophs Motile Nervous system present

25. Animals

26. Classification Categories Within any Kingdom there are many levels of classification.

27. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

28. Within any kingdom there are many phylum Within any phylum there are several classes Within any Class there are several Orders Within any order there are several Families Within any Family there are several Genus Within a Genus there may be many species

30. Every Organism on earth is placed into each of the classification categories

31. Humans Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species Sapien

32. Domestic Dog Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Canidae Genus Canis Species familaris

33. Naming Organisms In addition to classifying organisms, taxonomists also name each type of living organism. Naming is also called Nomenclature

34. Binomial Nomenclature “Two names” Taxonomists name organisms by stating the organisms genus followed by a given species name.

35. Examples Homo sapiens - Humans Canis familaris - dog

36. The use of Latin in naming As you have noticed latin is used for naming. Latin at one time was the language of scholars

37. Common Names In addition to scientific names organisms may also be given common names.

38. Common names can cause confusion StarFish - not a fish What we may know as the green pepper is also referred to as a bell pepper, or sweet pepper.

39. Common names also vary from language to language Dog - perro - inu.

40. Benefit of Universal Naming A universal system of naming allows us to avoid the confusion associated with common names, and tells us something about evolutionary relationships.