1. Microbiology
“scientific study of microorganisms and their effect on other living organisms”

2. Naming Microorganisms
Page 266
staphyl = “clustered together”
coccus = “shaped like a sphere or ball”
aureus = “a golden-yellow color”
Staphylococcus aureus

3. Classification (Page 268)
Kingdom
Division or Phylum
Class
Order
Family
*Genus
*Species
“King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain”

4. Staphylococcus aureus
genus = Staphylococcus
species = aureus
italics : not English
genus: abbreviated e.g. S. aureus

5. Categories of Cells Page 267 Eukaryotic (“True Nucleus”)
nuclei and cytoskeleton
DNA within the nucleus
Prokaryotic (“Before Nucleus”)
no nuclei and no cytoskeleton
DNA float “freely”
Bacteria and cyanobacteria

6. Divisions Page 269 Bacteriology Rickettsiology Virology Protozoology
Mycology

7. Bacteriology
“science that studies bacteria”

8. Bacteria
Page 269
“a prokaryotic one-celled microorganism of the Kingdom Monera, existing as free living organisms or as parasites, multiplying by binary fission and having a large range of biochemical properties”
pathogenic

9. Mycoplasmas
Page 270
“bacteria of the Mycoplasma genus that are found in humans and have no cell wall; the smallest free-living organisms presently known being intermediate in size between viruses and bacteria”
double-stranded DNA

10. Chlamydia
“a large group of nonmotile, gram negative intracellular parasites”
replicate in cytoplasm of host cells
use host’s ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) for energy

11. Rickettsiology
“area of science that studies Rickettsia”

12. Rickettsia
Page 270
“a genus of gram-negative, pathogenic, intracellular parasitic bacteria”
rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, change shape
reproduce within host cell
“arthropod vectors”
tetracycline
sulfonamides encourage growth

13. Virology Page 272 “the study of viruses and viral diseases”
Virus: “one of a group of minute infectious agents, with certain exceptions (e.g. pox viruses) not resolved in the light microscope, and characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and by the ability to replicate only within living host cells”
rod-shaped, spherical, polyhedral, tad-pole

14. Virion
individual particle that consists of nucleic acid (the nucleoid), DNA or RNA (not both), and a protein shell (capsid)
viruses do not have ATP

15. Groups of Viruses bacterial, animal, and plant
classified according to:
origin: reoviruses (respiratory and enteric)
mode of transmission: arboviruses (mosquitoes)
manifestations: (symptoms)polioviruses, poxviruses
geographic location: coxsackievirus (names after Coxsacki, New York)

16. Prion
“small proteinaceous infectious agents (particles) which almost certainly do not have a nucleic acid genome and thereby resist inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids”
do not contain DNA or RNA
spongiform encephalopathies
eg: scrapie, mad cow, Creutzfeldt-Jakob

17. Protozoology
Page 271
“science that deals with the study of protozoa”

18. Protozoa
“one celled organisms of the Kingdom Protista- most are unicellular although some are colonists”
“first animals”
most abundant
“normal flora”
classified: according to shape and method of motility

19. Flagellates
smallest
whip-like projections (move like a fishtail)

20. Amoebae
“ooze about” by extending parts of their cells as “pseudopods” or “false feet”

21. Sporozoans no locomotory extensions (flagella etc.)
move by bending, creeping, and gliding
Parasitic (part of their life-cycle is in host cell)
“apical complex”: anterior end which helps to penetrate the host cell

22. Ciliates largest protozoa “hair-like” projections (cilia): “tiny oars”
eat other protozoa and bacteria

23. Mycology
Page 271
“the branch of science concerned with the study of fungi”

24. Fungus (Fungi = plural)
“a group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous”
3 fundamental categories: yeasts, molds, dimorphic (to be studied in depth later)
Saprophytes: fungi that grow on decomposing matter

25. Human Fungal Diseases categorized by the level of tissue penetration
1) superficial mycoses: outermost layers of skin and hair
2) cutaneous mycoses: skin, hair and fingernails and are deeper
3) subcutaneous mycoses: usually result of trauma; deep in the integument and underlying structures (muscle, bone)
4) systemic mycoses: usually originate in the lungs (histoplasmosis, blastoplasmosis)

26. Opportunistic Fungal Diseases
due to suppressed immune systems
secondary infection due to treatment for original disorder
can be fatal and difficult to manage