1. Taxonomy & Classification

2. I. Why Classify? A.1.5 million species identified B.Estimated between 2 and 100 million species not yet discovered.

3. II. Taxonomy A. Definition – study of classification (naming) of organisms. B. Binomial Nomenclature 1. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus 2. A two-word naming system a. Genus and species comprise the scientific name b. Scientific name 1) Genus – written first and capitalized 2) Species – written second and lowercase 3) Both are italicized

4. III. Genus and Species A. Genus - group of closely related species. B. Species - group of organisms able to breed and produce offspring.

5. IV. Linnaeus’ System of Classification A. Linnaeus’ system of classification has seven levels. B. Levels from highest to lowest : Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

6. C. Example: Human KingdomAnimalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

7. V. Modern Evolutionary Classification A.Today organism classification is based upon phylogeny. B. Phylogeny – classification of organisms based upon evolutionary trends and genetic changes

8. VI. Domains and Kingdoms A.Domains are more inclusive and larger than kingdoms B.There are three domains. C.There are six- kingdoms B. Six Kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

10. VII. Domain Bacteria A. The members of the domain bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic. B. This domain consists of one kingdom, Eubacteria.

11. VIII. Domain Archaea A.unicellular and prokaryotic, B.Live in extreme environments—volcanic hot springs, brine pools, and black organic mud totally devoid of oxygen. C.Consists of one kingdom, Archaebacteria.

12. IX. Kingdom Characteristics A. Eubacteria & Archaebacteria (Monerans) * single-celled* have no organelles * some able to move* have no nucleus * have a cell wall B. Protista * single-celled* usually no cell wall * have organelles including a nucleus * usually move by cilia, flagella, or by amoeboid motion

13. C. Fungi * Multicellular* with a cell wall * organelles & nucleus * do not move D. Plantae * multicellular* has cell wall * organelles & nucleus* * most don't move IX. Kingdom Characteristics

14. E. Animalia * multicellular * move with the aid of cilia, flagella, or muscular organs * organelles including a nucleus * no cell walls