1. THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF BIODIVERSITY

2. YOU MUST KNOW…
THE TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES AND HOW THEY INDICATE RELATEDNESS
HOW SYSTEMATICS IS USED TO DEVELOP PHYLOGENETIC TREES
THE THREE DOMAINS OF LIFE INCLUDING THEIR SIMILIARITIES AND THEIR DIFFERENCES

3. CONCEPT 26.1
PHYLOGENICS SHOW EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS

4. PHYLOGENY – EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF A SPECIES OR A GROUP OF RELATED SPECIES
TAXONOMY –
ORDERED DIVISION
OF ORGANISMS INTO
CATEGORIES BASED
ON A SET OF
CHARACTERISTICS
USED TO ASSESS
SIMILARITIES AND
DIFFERENCES

5. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
TWO-PART NAMING SYSTEM
DEVELOPED BY CAROLUS LINNAEUS
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES

6. THE DEGREE OF RELATEDNESS INCREASES WITH EACH SUCCESSIVE LEVEL DOWN
WITH EACH SUCCESSIVE LEVEL DOWN, THE ORGANISMS SHARE MORE COMMON TRAITS

7. CONCEPT 26.2
PHYLOGENIES ARE INFERRED FROM MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DATA

8. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES – SIMILARITIES DUE TO SHARED ANCESTRY
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION – TAKEN PLACE WHEN 2 ORGANISMS DEVELOPED SIMILARITIES AS THEY ADAPTED TO SIMILAR ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES – NOT BECAUSE THEY EVOLVED FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR (ANALAGOUS)
MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS – USES DNA AND OTHER MOLECULAR DATA TO DETERMINE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS

9. CONCEPT 26.3
SHARED CHARACTERISTICS ARE USED TO CONSTRUCT PHYLOGENETIC TREES

10. CLADOGRAM – DEPICTS PATTERNS OF SHARED CHARACTERISTICS AMONG TAXA AND FORMS THE BASIS OF A PHYLOGENETIC TREE
CLADE – A GROUP OF SPECIES THAT INCLUDES AN ANCESTRAL SPECIES AND ALL ITS DESCENDANTS

11. CONCEPT 26.4
AN ORGANISM’S EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY IS DOCUMENTED IN ITS GENOME

12. COMPARING DIFFERENT DNA SEQUENCES HELPS TO INVESTIGATE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GROUPS OF ORGANISMS THAT DIVERGED A LONG TIME AGO
DNA THAT CODES FOR RIBOSOMAL RNA CHANGES RELATIVELY SLOWLY
DNA THAT CODES FOR MITOCHONDRIAL DNA EVOLVES RAPIDLY AND CAN BE USED TO EXPLORE RECENT EVOLUTIONARY EVENTS

13. CONCEPT 26.5 MOLECULAR CLOCKS HELP TRACK EVOLUTIONARY TIME
THEY ARE METHODS USED TO MEASURE THE ABSOLUTE TIME OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE BASED ON THE OBSERVATION THAT SOME GENES AND OTHER REGIONS OF THE GENOME APPEAR TO EVOLVE AT CONSTANT RATES

14. CONCEPT 26.6
NEW INFORMATION CONTINUES TO REVISE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE TREE OF LIFE

15. 3 DOMAINS – BACTERIA, ARCHAEA, AND EUKARYA
EUKARYA – HAVE A NUCLEAR ENVELOPE, MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED ORGANELLES, DOUBLE HELIX DNA