1. Individual Differences

2. Individual Differences
Relatively stable & enduring characteristics unique to individuals
Height, body type, etc.
# of fast twitch muscle fibers
Affect the rate & potential for developing skill proficiency

3. Motor Abilities Genetic traits Cannot be modified thru practice
Prerequisite for skilled performance
Degree to which develop proficiency dependent on if possess necessary underlying abilities

4. Abilities & Skills Inherited traits Stable & enduring Few in number
Underlie performance of many skills
Developed with practice
Modifiable
Many in number
Depend on different subsets

5. Capabilities Characteristics subject to change as result of practice
Represent potential to excel in performance of task
Multilimb Coordination
Person A
Person B

6. Categorizing Motor Abilities
11 Perceptual Motor Abilities
9 Physical Abilities
All abilities may not yet be identified
Tracking
Eye-Foot Coordination
Dynamic Balance
Static Balance

7. Perceptual Motor Abilities
Control precision
Ability to make highly controlled movement adjustments
Dribbling a soccer ball
Multi-limb Coordination
Ability to coordinate numerous limb movements simultaneously
Spiking a volleyball
Reaction Time
Ability to rapidly initiate a response
Start in swimming race
Rate Control
Ability to make continuous speed and direction adjustments
Mountain biking

8. Physical Proficiency Abilities
Dynamic Strength
Ability to exert force repeatedly
Rock Climbing
Explosive Strength
Ability to create maximum effort by combining force & velocity
Throwing a javelin
Dynamic Flexibility
Ability to make repeated, rapid flexing movements
Springboard diving
Gross Body Coordination
Ability to coordinate numerous movements simultaneously while in motion
Slalom Skiing

9. What do you think?
Can an individual have abilities but not be skilled?
Can an individual be skilled without ability?

10. Practical Application
Expect to see differences in patterns of people’s abilities
Individual pattern will facilitate better performance on some tasks rather than others
Ability pattern only one factor contributing to performance

11. Underlying Abilities - Volleyball Spike
Control Precision
Multi-limb Coord.
Rate Control
Aiming
Explosive Strength
Trunk Strength
Dynamic Flexibility

12. Skill Subsets

13. Task Analysis Choose a skill Perform task analysis
Determine underlying abilities required to achieve high degree proficiency

14. Perceptual Motor Abilities
Multilimb coordination
Control precision
Response orientation
Reaction time
Speed of arm movement
Rate control
Manual dexterity
Finger dexterity
Arm-hand steadiness
Wrist/finger speed
Aiming

15. Physical Proficiency Abilities
Static strength
Dynamic strength
Explosive strength
Trunk strength
Extent flexibility
Dynamic flexibility
Gross body coordination
Stamina

16. Predicting Future Performance
Possible?
Problems?