1. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 3.6: What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?

2. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 3.6 What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?  Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acid chains and fall into two general classes –Deoxyribose nucleotides –Ribose nucleotides  All nucleotides are made of three parts –Phosphate group –Five-carbon sugar –Nitrogen-containing base

3. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. https://www.khanacademy.org/partner- content/crash-course1/crash-course- biology/v/crash-course-biology-107 ATP-video-2:30-3:30 DNA-video 2:00-305 DNA- https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/crash- course1/crash-course-biology/v/crash-course-biology-110https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/crash- course1/crash-course-biology/v/crash-course-biology-110 ATP

4. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleotides A. Structure 5 -C sugar p hosphate group n itrogen-containing base a denine g uanine c ytosine t hymine u racil

5. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1.Deoxyribose (A, G, C, T) 2. Ribose (A, G, C, U) Nucleotides: Deoxyribose and Ribose

6. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleotides: Deoxyribose and Ribose energy-carrier molecules subunits of polymers called nucleic acids intracellular messenger molecules

7. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleotides Act as Energy Carriers ATP – adenosine triphosphate ribose nucleotide 3 phosphate groups stores energy in bonds btwn phosphate groups energy released when last phosphate bond is broken available energy is then used to drive other rxns (linking amino acids)

8. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1. ADP + Energy + Phosphate -----> ATP (stores energy) dehydration synthesis 2.ATP ------> ADP + Phosphate + Energy (releases energy) hydrolysis How is ATP made and broken down?

9. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleotides Act as Intracellular Messengers cAMP – ribose nucleotide cyclic adenosine monophosphate messenger molecule in cells hormones stimulate cAMP to form within cells where it initiates biochemical reactions NAD + & FAD – electron carriers transport energy in form of high- energy electrons used in ATP synthesis FAD NAD

10. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA the Molecules of Heredity Nucleic acids: polymers made up of nulceotides (monomers) linked together via dehydrations synthesis found in chromosomes in cells

11. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

12. Figure 3-23 Deoxyribose nucleotide phosphate sugar base

13. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleotides: Deoxyribose and Ribose 1.Deoxyribose (A, G, C, T) 2. Ribose (A, G, C, U)

14. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3-24 The energy-carrier molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

15. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 3.6 What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?  Nucleotides act as energy carriers and intracellular messengers –Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a deoxyribose nucleotide with three phosphate functional groups –Ribose nucleotide cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) acts as a messenger molecule in cells –Electron carriers are those nucleotides (NAD  and FAD) transporting energy in the form of high-energy electrons

16. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 3.6 What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?  DNA and RNA, the molecules of heredity, are nucleic acids –Nucleic acids are polymers formed by monomers strung together in long chains by dehydration synthesis

17. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 3.6 What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?  DNA and RNA, the molecules of heredity, are nucleic acids (continued) –There are two types of polymers of nucleic acids –DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in chromosomes and carries genetic information needed for protein construction –Each DNA molecule consists of two chains of nucleotides that form a double helix linked by hydrogen bonds –RNA (ribonucleic acid) makes copies of DNA and is used directly in the synthesis of proteins

18. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3-25 Deoxyribonucleic acid hydrogen bond