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AP Biology HELIXHELIX
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AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage
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AP Biology Nucleic Acids Function: store & transmit hereditary information Examples: RNA (ribonucleic acid) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Structure: monomers = nucleotides
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AP Biology Nucleotides 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C) ribose in RNA deoxyribose in DNA phosphate (PO 4 ) group Are nucleic acids charged molecules?
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AP Biology RNA & DNA RNA single nucleotide chain DNA double nucleotide chain N bases bond in pairs across chains spiraled in a double helix double helix 1 st proposed as structure of DNA in 1953 by James Watson & Francis Crick (just celebrated 50th anniversary in 2003!)
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AP Biology Types of nucleotides 2 types of nucleotides different nitrogen bases purines double ring N base adenine (A) guanine (G) pyrimidines single ring N base cytosine (C) thymine (T) uracil (U)
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AP Biology Building the polymer
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AP Biology Nucleic polymer Backbone sugar to PO 4 bond new base added to sugar of previous base polymer grows in one direction N bases hang off the sugar-phosphate backbone Dangling bases? Why is this important?
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AP Biology Pairing of nucleotides Nucleotides bond between DNA strands H bonds purine :: pyrimidine A :: T 2 H bonds G :: C 3 H bonds Matching bases? Why is this important?
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AP Biology Information polymer Function series of bases encodes information like the letters of a book stored information is passed from parent to offspring need to copy accurately stored information = genes genetic information Passing on information? Why is this important?
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AP Biology DNA molecule Double helix H bonds between bases join the 2 strands A :: T C :: G H bonds? Why is this important?
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AP Biology 2006-2007 Macromolecule Review
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AP Biology Carbohydrates Structure / monomer monosaccharide Function energy raw materials energy storage structural compounds Examples glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen glycosidic bond
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AP Biology Lipids Structure / building block glycerol, fatty acid, cholesterol, H-C chains Function energy storage membranes hormones Examples fat, phospholipids, steroids ester bond (in a fat)
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AP Biology Proteins Structure / monomer amino acids levels of structure Function enzymes u defense transport u structure signals u receptors Examples digestive enzymes, membrane channels, insulin hormone, actin peptide bond
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AP Biology Nucleic acids Structure / monomer nucleotide Function information storage & transfer Examples DNA, RNA phosphodiester bond
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AP Biology Let’s build some DNA, baby!
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