1. SBI 3C1

2. Nucleic Acids  Associated with genetic/hereditary information  There are 2 different types of nucleic acids: 1. DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid 2. RNA - Ribonucleic Acid

3. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)  In order for life to go on for generations, organisms need to transmit genetic material to the next generation.  Chromosomes in all organisms are made up of the same chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).  DNA is the hereditary material that contains all the information a cell needs to live.

4. Nucleotides  DNA and RNA = polymers made up of monomers called NUCLEOTIDES  Basic Structure of a Nucleotide:

5.  Nucleotides are made up of 3 parts: 1. Sugar - deoxyribose sugar (DNA) ribose sugar (RNA) 2. Phosphate group

6. 3. Nitrogenous base  There are 4 different types of bases: 1) Adenine (A) 2) Guanine (G) 3) Thymine (T) - DNA / Uracil (U) - RNA 4) Cytosine (C)

7. Structure of DNA  DNA is made up of two long nucleotide strands wound around each other like a circular staircase.  This structure is called a “double helix”  The bases of the two strands bond together forming the “stairs”.

8. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)  Single stranded polymer of nucleotides  RNA is the genetic material that carries the genetic information contained in DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

9. Complimentary Base Pairing  The base-pairing is always consistent:  A – T in DNA and A – U in RNA  C – G in DNA and RNA  Hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) exist between the complementary base-pairs and act to hold the two strands of the DNA molecule together:  A – T have 2 H bonds between them  C – G have 3 H-bonds between them

10. DNA vs. RNA CHARACTERISTICDNARNA Length of moleculeDNA is significantly larger - contains a lot of genetic info RNA is much smaller - carries info of one gene for one protein at a time Number of Strands21 Locations found in cellNucleus only – too large to leave it Nucleus & cytoplasm – travels between both as new proteins are needed Nitrogenous Bases Used A, T, C, GA, U, C, G Sugar UsedDeoxyriboseRibose

11. DNA vs. RNA