1. Biology 1
Study Guide 2.3, 2.4

2. What are the four biomolecules?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

3. What is the structure and function of a carbohydrate?
Function- source of energy
Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1

4. What is the monomer of a polysaccharide?
Monosaccharide- glucose
(Simple sugar)

5. What is the structure and function of a lipid?
Glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids
Lipids provide long term energy
Lipids are parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings

6. Do lipids form a polymer?
No, lipids do not form polymers like the other 3 biomolecules.
Lipids do not for a long chain made from smaller subunits

7. What is the structure and function of a protein?
Proteins control the rate of chemical reactions
Proteins regulate cell processes
Proteins are structural
Proteins transport substances in and out of the cell
Proteins help fight disease
Copy illustration of protein on pg. 48

8. What is the monomer of a protein?
The monomer or subunit of a protein is an amino acid.
Simple sugars (monosaccharides) are monomers of polysaccharides
Nucleotides are the subunits of nucleic acids
Lipids do not form polymers

9. What is the structure and function of a nucleic acid?
Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous.
Nucleic acids transmit heredity information

10. What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
A nucleotide
Copy the illustration of a nucleotide on pg. 48

11. How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have and how many bonds can it form?
Carbon has 4 valence electrons and can form 4 bonds- these can be single, double, or triple.

12. What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?
Atoms are simply rearranged in a chemical reaction

13. Identify the reactants and products in a chemical reaction
2 H2 + O2  2 H2O
reactants products

14. What is activation energy?
This is the energy needed to get a reaction started

15. What do enzymes do to the activation energy?
Enzymes speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy

16. What is a catalyst?
A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

17. What things can affect the functioning of an enzyme?
Temperature pH
Heavy metals
Ionic compounds
Organic compounds

18. What do enzymes change in a chemical reaction?
Enzymes change the speed of the reaction