1. Organic Chem Review

2. MONOMERS Macromolecules are made up of smaller units called

3. ISOMERS These two molecules Are examples of ______________.

4. Organic molecules contain the elements ____________ and _________, and they must be _____________. CARBON HYDROGEN BONDED TOGETHER

5. HYDROXYL CARBOXYLIC ACID Name the functional groups. O

6. Amino Name the functional groups. CH3 NH2

7. Dehydration synthesis The reaction by which monomers are joined together is called ______________________.

8. Ring oxygen hydroxide Carbohydrates consist of a __________, with _______embedded in it, and several _______________ functional units.

9. Carbohydrate disaccharide This molecule can be categorized as a ___________, and a ___________________.

10. Glycosidic bonds The bonds that hold monosaccharides together are called _______________.

11. Energy, structure in plants (cellulose), structure in invertebrates (exoskeletons) The functions of carbohydrates are ___________.

12. 43 If a polymer has 43 bonds, how many molecules of water were produced during dehydration synthesis?

13. monosaccharide The monomer of a carbohydrate is called ______.

14. -ose Carbohydrates can be recognized by name, because they all end in _________.

15. hydrophobic Lipids are grouped together because they are all ___________, not because of structural similarities.

16. Glycerol fatty acids Fats are composed of one ______ molecule with three __________ attached.

17. no Saturated fats contain ___ double bonds.

18. Cell membranes Phospholipids are a key component of ___________.

19. Glycerol phosphate group fatty acids Phospholipids are composed of one __________, one ______, and two _____________.

20. Phosphate fatty acid The _______ end of a phospholipid is hydrophilic, and the ________ end is hydrophobic.

21. Phosphate fatty acid When phospholipids are in the presence of water, the ______ end will face the water, the _________ will face inside – thus forming a ___________________.

22. steroids The three lipids are fats, phospholipids, and __________.

23. Rings fused together Steroids consist of four _______ that are _________.

24. Dehydration synthesis The reactions shown above is

25. Energy, cushioning for organs, insulation The functions of lipids are ____________.

26. Amino acids Protein monomers are called __________.

27. peptide Protein monomers are connected by ________ bonds.

28. 20 There are ______ amino acids.

29. There are ____ levels of protein structure. 4

30. The primary structure consists of a protein’s ____________. AMINO ACID SEQUENCE

31. The secondary structure consists of ____________. ALPHA HELIX OR BETA PLEATS

32. The tertiary structure consists of ____________. FOLDING CAUSED BY ELECTRICAL CHARGES AND HYDROPHOBICITY OF AMINO ACIDS

33. The quaternary structure consists of ____________. PROTEIN MOLECULES BONDING WITH OTHER PROTEIN MOLECULES

34. If conditions are not optimum, a protein molecule will unfold. This is called ____________. DENATURING

35. Can proteins renature? YES

36. What happens when proteins denature? THEY DO NOT FUNCTION

37. contain amino and carboxyl functional groups Amino acids structurally ______________.

38. protein

39. fat

40. hydrolysis The reaction shown above is ____________

41. phospholipid bilayer

42. steroid

43. phospholipid

44. NUCLEIC ACID

45. The primary purpose of Nucleic Acids is _________. TO STORE AND TRANSMIT GENETIC INFORMATION

46. There are ____ nucleic acids (____________). 2 Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid

47. There are ______ parts of nucleic acids: __________. 3 A 5-ring sugar, a phosphate group, and a base

48. The two sides of a nucleic acid strand are held together by _________ bonds. HYDROGEN

49. The monomer of nucleic acids is _____________. NUCLEOTIDES

50. Cells get most of their energy from ___________. ATP

51. The ATP molecule consists of _____________. The base Adenine, a 5-ring sugar, and three phosphate groups attached.

52. ATP