1. KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.

2. Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together and are known as
MACROMOLECULES

3. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Four main types of carbon-based molecules or macromolecules are found in living things.
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

4. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

5. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches.
Simple sugars. (one ring)
Complex Carbohydrates include starches, cellulose, and glycogen.

6. Can be broken down to provide energy for cells.
Carbohydrates
Can be broken down to provide energy for cells.
Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure.
Cell Wall

7. Lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

8. Lipids have many different functions.
Store energy
Make up cell membranes
Repel water

9. The cell membrane is made of two layers of lipids along with carbohydrates and proteins.

10. Lipids include fats, oils, cholesterol and wax.
Cholesterol, wax room temp
room temp.
room temp

11. contain C, H, O, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur.
-Proteins
contain C, H, O, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur.
Proteins are made by linking Amino Acids
to form proteins.
Amino Acid .

12. Proteins are long chains of amino acid.
Proteins differ in the number and order of amino acids.
Amino acids interact to give a protein its shape.
hydrogen bond
Simple……………………………………Complex

13. Protein have many functions
Antibodies - defend the body Muscles–movement Enzymes-speed up chemical reactions.
Hormonal-- Insulin
regulates glucose.
Structural - hair, quills, feathers, horns, nails and beaks.
Storage - egg whites; casein in milk Transport- hemoglobin transports oxygen

14. Insulin Pump

15. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides.
One Nucleotide

16. Nucleotides are made of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphate

17. DNA stores genetic information.
There are two types of Nucleic Acids.
DNA stores genetic information.
DNA
RNA builds proteins
RNA