1. Biochemistry
Organic Molecules

2. Target #20- I can differentiate between inorganic and organic molecules
Inorganic molecules constitutes non- living matter that play important roles in living things
Ex: NaCl
Organic molecules constitutes living matter
Always contains carbon and hydrogen
Accounts for the formation of a variety of organic molecules
Macromolecules
Known as the “molecules of life”
Made most of elements like carbon and hydrogen

3. Target #21- I can differentiate between a monomer and a polymer
Monomer: a simple organic molecule that exists individually
A basic unit of a macromolecule
Polymer: many monomers linked together
Linked through a dehydration reaction
Removal of a water molecule
Target #21- I can differentiate between a monomer and a polymer

4. Target #22- I can list the 4 macromolecules
Each macromolecule has a corresponding monomer and polymer
Types of macromolecules
Proteins
lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Target #22- I can list the 4 macromolecules

5. Target #23- I can describe the function of a carbohydrate
Carbohydrates
Function for quick fuel and short-term energy storage
Play a structural role in woody plants, bacteria, and animals like insects
Are involved in cell-to-cell recognition
Characterized by the presence of the atomic grouping H-C-OH

6. Target #24- I can identify the monomer and polymer of carbohydrates
The monomer of carbohydrates is a monosaccharide
Ex: glucose
Glucose is used as an immediate source of energy in both plants and animals
Ex: fructose
Found in fruits
Disaccharide: contains two monosaccharides that have joined together
Ex: sucrose & lactose
The polymer of a carbohydrate is a polysaccharide
Target #24- I can identify the monomer and polymer of carbohydrates

7. Target #25- I can identify the 3 polysaccharide molecules of carbohydrates
Starch is a storage molecule in plants
Glycogen is a storage molecule in animals
Found in the liver
Cellulose is found in plant cell walls
Makes plants hard to digest

8. Biochemistry
Proteins

9. Target #26- I can describe the function of a protein
Perform many functions
Provides support structures
Keratin hair and nails
Collagen ligaments, tendons, and skin
Controls metabolism
Some proteins are enzymes
Enzymes speed chemical reactions
Hormone production
Muscle function
Transportation of molecules in the blood
Cellular transport of molecules

10. Target #27- I can identify the monomer & polymer of a protein
The monomer of a protein is an amino acid
The polymer of a protein is a polypeptide
Made up of 2 or more amino acids
Amino acids are bonded via a polypeptide bond
Occurs between the oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms
Polypeptides vary in shape depending on the composition
Target #27- I can identify the monomer & polymer of a protein

11. The shape of a protein is important to its function
When proteins are exposed to extremes in heat and pH, they denature
An irreversible change in shape
Ex: heating an egg white cases it to coagulate
Occurs because the normal bonding between the polypeptides has been disturbed
Once a protein loses it’s shape, it can no longer perform its function
Target #28- I can explain why the shape of a protein is important to its function

12. Bellwork
In what foods or organisms do we find lipids?

13. Biochemistry
Lipids

14. Target #29- I can describe the function a lipid
Fats and oils function as energy storage molecules
Phospholipids form a membrane around the cell
Basis for steroids, like estrogen and testosterone
Diverse in structure and function
Common characteristic do not dissolve in water
Aka: hydrophobic
Do not have a monomer or a polymer

15. Target #30- I can describe the structure and function of fats & oils
Most familiar lipids
Fats are solid at room temperature
Lard & butter
Oils are liquid at room temperature
Corn oil & soybean oil
Function
Long-term energy storage
Insulates against heat loss
Forms a protective cushion around major organs
Structure
Made of a glycerol & 3 fatty acid chains
Called triglycerides

16. Target #31- I can differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
A hydrocarbon chain that ends with the acidic group COOH
Either saturated or unsaturated
Saturated fatty acids have no double covalent bonds between carbon atoms
The carbon chain is saturated with all the hydrogens it can hold
Account for the solid nature of fats, like butter, at room temperature
Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds between carbon atoms wherever the number of hydrogens is less than two per carbon atom
Accounts for the liquid nature of vegetable oils at room temperature

18. Target #32- I can explain the structure of a phospholipid
Phospholipids
Lipids that contain a phosphate group
The polar phosphate bonds to two fatty acid groups
The phosphate group is polar
Hydrophilic
Fatty acid tails are non-polar
Hydrophobic
Primary components of cellular membranes
Form a bilayer where the heads are on the outside, and the tails are on the inside
Target #32- I can explain the structure of a phospholipid

20. Nucleic Acids

21. Target #33- I can describe the monomer of a nucleic acid
The monomer of a Nucleic Acid is a nucleotide
Nucleotides consist of a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
Five nitrogen containing bases
adenine
Guaninie
Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil

22. Target #34- I can identify the polymers of nucleic acids
The polymer of a nucleic acid is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
DNA is made of the monomers adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
RNA is made of the monomers adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
Target #34- I can identify the polymers of nucleic acids

23. Target #35- I can explain how nucleotides form a polymer
The nucleotides form a linear molecule called a strand
Alternating phosphates and sugars create a back bone
In DNA, two strands twist together to form a double helix
Held together by hydrogen bonds
The bases bond together to make “rungs” like in a ladder
In RNA, a single strand forms
Used to complement DNA