1. Technology in Search and Rescue Efforts

2. General Overview What is Civil Air Patrol? Emergency Services Technology Used/Being Implemented –Video Scan Equipment –Emergency Location Transmitters –Search Theory applied to SAR Conclusions

3. What is Civil Air Patrol Official Auxiliary of the US Air Force Made up of Civilian Volunteers –Created Dec. 1, 1941 Performed SAR, Coastal Patrols, and other functions for War Department –July 1, 1946, President Truman incorporated CAP as a benevolent, nonprofit organization. Personal Background Information Member since 1992 Currently 1Lt. With GTM Rating, and about 100 hours of SAR training/actual missions

4. CAP Organization

5. CAP Resources Aviation Assets Ground Assets Communications Supplies & Equipment

6. CAP Missions Aerospace Education Cadet Programs Emergency Services oReconnaissance oCounter drug oTransportation oDR oSAR

7. Commonly Used Technology in Civil Air Patrol Usual Stuff Video Scanning Equipment Emergency Location Transmitters Applications of Search Theory

8. The Usual Stuff oDatabases for Paperwork oGPS/Map Programs oCommunications oCell Phones oInternet for Media Coverage oLaptop/PDA’s to transmit data to teams

9. Commonly Used Technology in Civil Air Patrol Usual Stuff Video Scanning Equipment Emergency Location Transmitters Applications of Search Theory

10. Video Scanning Equipment Best use is in Disaster Relief –Floods, Train Wreck, Hurricanes –Plattsburgh Ice Storm Issues and Obstacles –Weather Conditions Altitude –Transmission Protocols –Matching up Pictures

11. Connecticut Wing Evaluation 2001 Housatonic River Photos

12. Connecticut Wing Evaluation 2001 Connecticut River Photos

13. Commonly Used Technology in Civil Air Patrol Usual Stuff Video Scanning Equipment Emergency Location Transmitters Applications of Search Theory

14. Emergency Location Transmitters –History –False Positives –Mirror Images/Tracking Issues

15. Emergency Location Transmitters –History –False Positives –Mirror Images/Tracking Issues

16. Possible Independent Tests for ELT Hits Target moving Reported Crash Flight Plan Reported Overdue Distance Math Lat/Long. Person Hiking Heavily Wooded Area Not required for Private Aircraft No Family/Friends Picking up Reflections 15-20 km accuracy

17. 121.5 MHz. vs. 406 MHz. Transmitters 121.5 MHz ELT Currently: 1/3 World Analog Signal Need Additional Info 15-20 km off –700 sq km.1 Watt $200 - $1500 406 MHz ELT Global Coverage Digital Signal 1 st alert capable 2-5 km off –12.5 sq km (GPS) 5 watt $750 - $3500

18. Commonly Used Technology in Civil Air Patrol Usual Stuff Video Scanning Equipment Emergency Location Transmitters Applications of Search Theory

19. Search Theory Applied to SAR Terms –POD (Probability of Detection) –POA (Probability of Area) –POS (Probability of Success) –ROW (Rest of World)

20. Statistics of Behavior

22. CASIE Computer Aided Search Information Exchange Simplifies Search Theory Calculations Adds other functions –Resource Optimization –Influence of Clues Simple DOS Shell Program

23. Conclusions Technology is a very helpful aspect to Search and Rescue, but one must remember that at all times it is a tool to be used, not a crutch to depend on Thanks to 1LT Mike Pienkosz, CTWG PAO CAPT James Blessing, 103rd CC MAJ Len Schindler, CTWG PAP http://www.math.arizona.edu/~dsl/casie/casie.htm http://www.ctwg.cap.gov/ http://www.capnhq.gov/

24. Technology in Search and Rescue Efforts Michael Schenk 1LT. SCCS, CTWG, CAP