1. Extending Equipment Life through Improved Sealing Technology Presented by David C. Roberts December 12, 2007

2. AGENDA WHY DO BEARINGS FAIL? HOW DO INDUSTRIAL SEALING DEVICES PREVENT BEARING FAILURE? HOW DO WE MEASURE EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE? SEALING INNOVATIONS TO IMPROVE MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURES SEALING INNOVATIONS TO IMPROVE MEAN TIME TO REPAIR

3. Understanding Bearing Failure

4. Bearing Failure Whether You Have… CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS

5. Bearing Failure PULVERIZERS

6. Bearing Failure TURBINES

7. Bearing Failure OR ANYTHING ELSE

8. Bearing Failure YOU HAVE BEARINGS!!!

9. Bearing Failure Why Do Bearings Fail? Textbook Answer: Fatigue Ball and roller bearing failures occur due to surface fatigue. Either the bearings or the raceways will begin to pit, resulting in an audible indicator in the form of noise. Real World Answer: Lack of Lubrication & Contamination Only 1% [of bearings] actually fail due to pure fatigue. The majority of bearing failures are from a lubrication-related issue. 95% of bearing failures can be either prevented or have their service life extended.

10. Understanding The Sealing System Mechanical Seals Oil Seals Bearing Isolators

11. The Sealing System Sealing systems can be broken into two main groups: Contact Seals Radial Lip Seals (Oil Seals), Compression Packing, O-rings Non-Contact Seal Bearing Isolators and Labyrinth Seals

12. Radial Lip Seals Depend on Hydrodynamic Sealing Effect Capable of Sealing on one side only (unless dual lip seal) Shaft must be specially finished for seal: –Min 30 Rockwell C –10 to 20 µin Finish –No Lead Subject to Abrasive Wear Also affected by: –Temperature –Pressure –Misalignment & Runout –Bore Condition

13. Non-Contact Seals Traditional Labyrinth Seal Uses complex pathway to separate fluids Rotor moves with shaft, while stator remains static in bore Bearing Isolator Seal Uses basic labyrinth technology Incorporates centrifugal force, pressure differential, and drain back designs to maximize sealing effect

14. Equipment Reliability and Maintainability GOAL: Improve equipment efficiency through innovative sealing technology REQUIREMENT: Method needed to measure equipment performance TWO ESTABLISHED STANDARD INDICATORS: 1. Reliability 2. Maintainability

15. Equipment Reliability and Maintainability RELIABILITY INDICATOR: MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURES (MTBF) Where: MTBF = Mean Time Between Failures PT = Productive Time N = Number of Failures That Occur During Productive Time “Average time the equipment performed its intended function between failures”

16. Equipment Reliability and Maintainability MAINTAINABILITY INDICATOR: MEAN TIME TO REPAIR (MTTR) Where: MTTR = Mean Time To Repair RT = Total Repair Time N = Number of Failures Time required to retain or restore equipment to a state such that it will continue to function as designed

17. Sealing Innovations to Improve MTBF IMPROVING MTBF: Must extend life of operating components Bearing system typically fails due to lubrication issues As seals are primary bearing protector, must understand why seals fail and determine ways to prevent such failure

18. Sealing Innovations to Improve MTBF SEALS FAIL DUE TO: Abrasion Lack of lubrication Chemical degradation Changes in physical properties while in service Abrasive WearLack of Lubrication Swelling due to changes in Physical Properties or Chemical Attack

19. Sealing Innovations to Improve MTBF MATERIAL INNOVATIONS Factors that contribute to seal failure are directly related to the properties of the materials used to manufacture sealing products Common sealing materials include: –Acrylonitrile Butadiene (Buna-N, NBR) –Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR) –Fluoroelastomer (FKM, Viton ® ) –Silicones –Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon ® ) Garlock Klozure ® engineered the Mill-Right ® family of elastomers to offer significant improvements such areas as: –Abrasion resistance –Chemical resistance –Physical property retention

20. Sealing Innovations to Improve MTBF IMPROVING ABRASION RESISTANCE Industry standard is Taber Test per ASTM D4060 Significant improvements over industrial grade elastomers Mill-Right ® Family includes engineered grades of NBR, HNBR, FKM

21. Sealing Innovations to Improve MTBF LIMITATIONS OF CONTACT SEALS: Require minimum shaft hardness of 30 RC Require specially finished shaft Most are not suited to dry running Most only seal on one side Contribute to power losses

22. Sealing Innovations to Improve MTBF Advantages of non-contact bearing isolators: Can run on soft shaft materials Only require surface finish of 64µin (1.63µm) or better Can run dry Provide both oil retention and contaminant exclusion Reduce power losses due to friction Garlock Klozure® Guardian™ Bearing Isolator

23. Sealing Innovations to Improve MTTR IMPROVING MTTR: Identify steps required to repair equipment Determine time required for each step Determine how to reduce time consuming steps

24. Sealing Innovations to Improve MTTR SPLIT BEARING ISOLATOR PROVIDES NON-CONTACT SPLIT SEAL: Same functionality as standard Guardian Bearing Isolator Split configuration allows for quick and easy installation Unitized one-piece assembly will not come apart when properly installed

25. Sealing Innovations to Improve MTTR RATHER THAN REDUCING MTTR – ELIMINATE IT!!! Garlock Klozure’s XPS™ Mechanical Seal is the first Repair-In-Place seal which virtually eliminates MTTR

26. Sealing Innovations to Improve MTTR THE XPS™ SEAL - HOW IT WORKS… Four additional sealing elements are stored behind the primary elements Simple turn of the deployment screw moves a new sealing lip in place Thinly formed Gylon ® lips running on a hardened sleeve Total of 6 Gylon ® lips included with two initially deployed

27. CONCLUSION WHY DO BEARINGS FAIL? –Most often due to lubrication issues rather than fatigue HOW DO INDUSTRIAL SEALING DEVICES PREVENT BEARING FAILURE? –Retain lubrication or exclude contamination –Some seals can do both –Contact seals vs. non-contact seals HOW DO WE MEASURE EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE? –Mean Time Between Failures, Mean Time To Repair SEALING INNOVATIONS TO IMPROVE MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURES –Engineered Material Innovations, High Performance Non-Contact Seals SEALING INNOVATIONS TO IMPROVE MEAN TIME TO REPAIR –High Performance Split Seals, Repair in Place Seals

28. David C. Roberts Applications Engineer Garlock Klozure High-Performance Dynamic Seals Palmyra, NY USA www.klozure.com Questions?