1. What can Superbeams and Neutrino Factories Add to Scattering Measurements?

2. What Scattering Measurements will we want in era of Superbeams and Neutrino Factories?

3. 3 Physics and Beams Neutral Current Measurements vs E Neutral Current Measurements vs E Anti-neutrino cross sections & interactions Anti-neutrino cross sections & interactions H 2, D 2 Measurements H 2, D 2 Measurements Polarized Target Measurements (spin structure functions) Polarized Target Measurements (spin structure functions) Narrow Band Beams Narrow Band Beams –How narrow is narrow? –Are there tricks to get more narrow beams? Broad Band Beams Broad Band Beams –Largest rate –No NC vs E available Beta-beams Beta-beams –Broad band, Low Energy Neutrino Factories Neutrino Factories –Broad Band –Neutrino and antineutrino at the same time, if you can reconstruct  and e CC –NO NC vs E or even vs neutrino helicity!

4. 4 What Neutrino Beams may be Available? Energies from 200MeV to 15GeV Energies from 200MeV to 15GeV Broad and Narrow Broad and Narrow But near and far beams aren’t identical…narrow beams not as narrow at near site But near and far beams aren’t identical…narrow beams not as narrow at near site

5. 5 How Narrow is “Narrow Band”? Near Detector sees line source, Far detector sees point source Near Detector sees line source, Far detector sees point source NB fluxes on previous slide not the same! NB fluxes on previous slide not the same! One way to fix this: go far enough away (T2K 2km detector) One way to fix this: go far enough away (T2K 2km detector) Another way to improve this: Run with 0 horn current and subtract off “high energy tail” Another way to improve this: Run with 0 horn current and subtract off “high energy tail” From NO A: FD: 20% FWHM ND: 40% FWHM and higher “high energy tail”

6. 6 Tale of One Beamline People are thinking of many far detectors at many on and off axis locations for oscillations People are thinking of many far detectors at many on and off axis locations for oscillations We can also think of how many different near site locations might be available for different neutrino scattering measurements We can also think of how many different near site locations might be available for different neutrino scattering measurements Following slides come from K.McFarland’s presentation at the 11/2002 FNAL-PAC meeting Following slides come from K.McFarland’s presentation at the 11/2002 FNAL-PAC meeting Shaft Near Hall Absorber

7. 7 Off-Axis Beams Illustration at NUMI near detector site Illustration at NUMI near detector site –Peak energy shifts lower –Width decreases –High energy tail suppressed –Rate significantly decreased On Axis 5m 10m 20m On Axis 5m 10m 20m NUMI Near On and Off-Axis Beams (beam sim. courtesy M. Messier) NUMI LE Configuration NUMI ME

8. 8 Site 3: 5-15 meters Off-Axis Located upstream of absorber Located upstream of absorber –Wide, unfinished tunnel. Sloped floor (9% grade). Not an attractive site Not an attractive site –Far from shaft and utility source –Interferes with absorber utitilies? Radiation? – ~1.5-3+ GeV Shaft Near Hall Absorber 15m

9. 9 Site 1: Interaction Rates Shaft Near Hall Absorber LE+, 10m ME+, 10m ME+, 5m LE+, 5m

10. 10 Site 2: Interaction Rates Shaft Near Hall Absorber LE+, 15m ME+, 15m

11. 11 Site 3: Interaction Rates Shaft Near Hall Absorber LE+, 15m LE+, 13m ME+, 13m LE+, 9m ME+, 9m ME+, 11m LE+, 11m ME+, 15m

12. 12 Discussion Admission of prorities—new beamlines won’t be built for neutrino scattering physics alone… Admission of prorities—new beamlines won’t be built for neutrino scattering physics alone… How do we make sure to get the most out of whatever beamline does get built? How do we make sure to get the most out of whatever beamline does get built?