1. סקירה של שרירי שלד עיקריים

2. Frontalis
O: galea aponeurotica
I: eyebrows
F: raise eyebrows, pull
scalp anteriorly

3. Occipitalis
O: occipital & temporal bones
I: galea aponeurotica
F: pull scalp posteriorly

4. Orbicularis oculi
O: frontal, maxillary bones
I: eyelids
F: close eyes

5. Orbicularis oris
O: muscles around mouth
I: lips
F: close, purse lips

6. Buccinator
O: maxilla & mandible
I: orbicularis oris
F: compress cheek

7. Temporalis
O: squamous portion of
temporal bone
I: mandible
F: elevate mandible

8. Muscles of mastication
Temporalis
O: temporal fossa
I: coronoid process of mandible
Action: elevate and retract mandible
(11.7a)

9. Masseter
O: zygomatic arch
I: angle of mandible
F: elevate mandible

10. Muscles of mastication
Masseter
O: zygomatic arch
I: angle & ramus of mandible
Action: elevate mandible
(11.7a)

11. Zygomaticus
O: zygomatic
I: corner of mouth
F: smile

12. Sternocleidomastoid
O: sternum & clavicle
I: mastoid of temporal bone
F: flex and rotate head

13. Muscles of neck & throat
Sternocleidomastoid
O: manubrium & medial clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: head & neck flexion, rotate head contralaterally
(11.8a)

14. Muscles of neck & throat
Sternocleidomastoid

15. Platysma
O: fascia over Pec. major, Deltoid
I: mandible & skin
F: depress lip & mandible

16. Shoulder muscles Pectoralis major
O: medial clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: arm-flexion, medial rotation, adduction, elevation of rib cage
(11.13a)

17. Superficial thorax muscles
Pectoralis minor
O:anterior surface of ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
Action: with ribs fixed, pulls scapula anterior & inferior; with scapula fixed, pulls ribs superiorly
(11.13a)

18. Subclavius Small, round muscles O: 1st rib at costal cartilage
I: Middle third of clavicle
A: Anchors and depresses clavicle
Protects subclavian artery if clavicle fractures

19. Superificial thorax muscles
Trapezius
O: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 spinous processes
I: acromion, spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle
Action: stabilize, elevate, adduct, depress scapula, extend head
(11.13b)

20. Latissimus dorsi
Origin: ribs, thoracic & lumbar vertebra, iliac crest of coxal bone
Insertion: humerus
Action: humerus extension, adduction, medial rotation

21. Levator scapulae
O: cervical vertebrae
I: scapula
F: elevate scapula, rotate neck

22. Shoulder muscles Deltoid
O: lateral clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula (compare to insertion of trapezius)
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: arm-abduction, flexion, extension, medial & lateral rotation
(11.13ab)

23. Abdominal wall muscles
Rectus abdominis
O: pubic crest & symphysis
I: xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Action: flex & rotate lumbar vertebrae, fix & depress ribs, stabilize pelvis during walking, increase intraabdominal pressure
Note: 3 tendinous insertions, aponeurosis & linea alba
(11.11ab)

24. External oblique Origin: lower ribs
Insertion: linea alba; iliac and pubic crests of coxal bone
Action: abdomenal compression, vertebral flexion, trunk rotation, lateral vertebral flexion

26. Muscles of Anterior Abdominal Wall
External Obliques
O: lower 8 ribs I: aponeurosis to linea alba
Function: Flex trunk, compress abd. wall (together) Rotate trunk (separate sides)
Internal Obliques
O: Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
I: Linea alba, pubic crest, last 3-4 ribs, costal margin
Function: Same as External obliques
Transversus Abdominis
O:same as Internals, plus last 6 ribs
I: Xiphoid process, costal cart. 5-7
Function: Compress abdomen
Rectus Abdominis
O: Pubic crest, pubic symphysis I: Xiphoid, cost cart 5-7
Function: Flex, rotate trunk, compress abdomen, fix ribs

27. Hip & knee muscles Gluteus muscles O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I: shaft & greater trochanter of femur
Action: extend thigh (climb stairs, running), lateral & medial rotate thigh, abduct thigh, steadies pelvis
(11.20ab)

28. Gluteus maximus Origin: saccrum, coccyx, and ilium of coxal bone
Insertion: femur & iliotibial tract
Action: femur extension & lateral rotation

29. Hip & knee muscles Quadriceps femoris
O: anterior inferior iliac spine, superior margin of acetabulum, greater trochanter, shaft of femur
I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
Action: extend knee, flex thigh
11.19a

30. Hip & knee muscles Hamstrings O: ischial tuberosity, shaft of femur
I: lateral & medial condyles and shaft of tibia, head of fibula, lateral condyle femur
Action: extend thigh, flex knee
Makes touching toes hard
(11.20a)

31. Extends Thigh & Flexes Lower Leg
Biceps Femoris
Extends Thigh & Flexes Lower Leg
Biceps femoris is one of the hamstring muscles. *The origin is on the ischial tuberosity. *Biceps femoris inserts on the tibia and fibula. This muscle extends the thigh and flexes the lower leg.

32. Elbow muscles Biceps brachii
O: short head-coracoid process, long head-tubercle above glenoid cavity and lip of glenoid cavity (intertubercular groove)
I: radial tuberosity
Action: flex elbow, supinate forearm, weak arm flexor
(11.14c)

33. O: humerus
I: coronoid process of ulna
F: flex forearm
Brachialis

34. Elbow muscles Triceps brachii
O: long head-infraglenoid tubercle, lat. & med. heads-posterior shaft of humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna
Action: extend forearm, assist adduction of arm
(11.14b)

35. Leg muscles Tibialis anterior O: lateral condyle and shaft of tibia
I: tarsal and first metatarsal bones
Action: dorsiflexion
(11.21ab)

36. Anterior Compartment of the Leg
Extensor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus tertius
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus = extension of toes & ankle
Extensor hallucis longus = extension of big toe & ankle
Fibularis tertius = dorsiflexes and everts foot
Tibialis anterior = dorsiflexes and inverts foot

37. Leg muscles Gastrocnemius O: medial & lateral condyles of femur
I: calcaneus via Achilles tendon
Action: plantar flexion, flex knee
(11.23a)

38. Posterior Compartment of the Leg Deep Group of Plantar Flexors
Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, and Flexor hallucis longus and are plantar flexors.

39. Forearm muscles Flexor carpi (radialis & ulnaris)
O: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulna
I: metacarpals and carpals
Action: wrist flexion, abduct & adduct hand
Carpal tunnel syndrome p. 184
(11.15a)
Anterior view

40. Forearm muscles Extensor carpi O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of metacarpals
Action: extend, abduct, and adducts wrist
Palpate forearm muscles
11.16a Posterior View