1. Hair Loss Series Module 1- Hair Anatomy

2. Hair Anatomy Overview Module 1: Hair Anatomy Hair Fun Facts:
Hair Components: What is hair made of?
Hair Growth Phases: Anagen, Catagen, Telogen
Hair Properties
Basic Hair Care: Shampooing/Conditioning, Styling, Protecting
Client Fact Finding
Sources:
The World of Hair, an on-line reference by Dr. John Gray, provided by the P&G Hair Care Research Center.
Hair Club for Men and Women
Milady’s Standard Cosmetology, Thomson, Delmar Learning 2004
Hair Fun Facts:
Each head contains approximately 100,000 hair follicles
Hair follicles are not actively growing at the same time.
Growing and shedding happens randomly
Each follicle grows an average new hair at least 20 times in a lifetime
If you pluck a hair, the next period of hair growth occurs
As we age, the number of follicles capable of growing hair declines.
Hair is 91% protein

3. Hair Anatomy Components
Hair has 2 separate parts
Hair follicle : Determines the characteristics of the hair (Alive)
Sac of skin tissue buried deep in the scalp with a bulb at the bottom
Sebaceous gland is attached to the follicle and gives hair its shine by producing sebum oils
Capillaries supply nutrients to the follicle
Hair follicle is divided into 2 regions:
Hair Bulb: Located inside of the hair follicle. Houses actively growing cells. As new cells produce, continually push the cells upward and arrange into layers
Outer layers are the lining of the hair follicle
Inner layers are the actual hair
Cells in hair bulb also produce the pigment (melanin)
Mid-follicle: Growing cells die and form into what we know as hair
Hair shaft: Hair that is seen above the scalp (Dead)
Hair that is seen above scalp- These are the dead cells that turned into keratins
The hair is lubricated by sebum oils

4. Hair Anatomy Components
Vellus Hair: Short, fine, not pigmented hair. Almost never has a medulla
Found in kids, and parts of body that many describe as hair less such as eyelids, forehead, bald scalp
Women retain 55% more vellus hair then men.
Terminal Hair: Long, soft, coarse hair and pigmented (except grey hair)
Found on scalp, legs, arms
QUICK FACT!
NOTE: All follicles are capable of producing
vellus or terminal hair depending on
genetics, age, etc….

5. Hair Anatomy Components
3 basic layers of hair shaft: Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle
Medulla: Inner most core of the hair where strength is determined
Cortex: Middle and largest layer. Determines color, texture and elasticity
Cuticle: Protects hair from the environment by forming a tightly packed layer of scales that overlap
QUICK FACT!
Your body cannot produce healthy hair
without proper nutrients. We produce 11
of the 20 amino acids that make up hair.
The rest is really what you eat!

6. Hair Anatomy Hair Growth phases
HAIR LIFE CYCLE
Phases of hair growth:
Anagen: Hair is actively manufacturing new keratinized cells
Growth phase (lasts 2 -3 yrs)
Represents 90% of the hair on the head
Scalp hair grows faster on women then men
Catagen: The follicle canal shrinks and detaches from the dermal papilla. Hair bulb disappears and root end forms a rounded club
Transitional phase (2-3 weeks)
Hair stops growing
Represents less than 1% of hair
Telogen:
Resting phase: (3-4 months)
No growth
Represents about 10% of scalp hair
Hair falls out only after the anagen phase begins again and a new hair shaft begins to emerge. (The average person sheds telogen hairs/day)
Sources: American Medical Association, Laxa Colon, Community Drug, Merck, Hairloss.com

7. Hair Anatomy Hair Properties
3 Types of hair:
Asian:
Hair is straight
Black in color
Ancestors from Orient
Hair shaft is usually round
Caucasoid:
Wavy or straight hair
Blonde to Black in color
Northwestern Europe to India
Red hair
Hair shaft is usually oval
African:
Tight curl
African descent
Hair shaft is extremely oval with distinct edges
Hair Structure:
Why does some hair grow curly? How come someone can have a different wave pattern as they get older? Factors include:
The way the bundles of keratin are arranged in the hair shaft
Position of the bulb in the hair follicle
Shape of hair follicle – it may be curved or straight
Irregular growth in the hair bulb
All hair twists as it grows. Usually the more twists, the curlier the hair.
African hair can twist 12 times as much as Caucausoid and is usually more vulnerable to chemical or physical damage because of its structure.
Coiled hair (extremely curly hair) has a lower elasticity and breaks easily
Hair Color:
Melanin in the cortex produces the pigmentation. Melanin has 2 forms:
Eumelanin - dark pigment found in black and brunette hair
Phaeomelanin- lighter pigment found in red and blond hair
Colors include shades of yellow, brown, red and black
Grey hair contains fewer melanin granules
White hair contains no melanin
The darker the hair, the more melanin   
QUICK FACT!
Hair Color Hairs on Head
Blondes 140,000
Brown 110,000
Black 108,000
Red 80,000

8. Hair Anatomy Hair Properties
Hair- What to look for in a client’s hair:
Healthy hair reflects light and looks shiny
Damaged hair looks dry, weak and dull:
As hair grows, the layers are worn down. This is sped up by wetting, sunlight, heat, sun, chemicals and friction.
Hair Damage Facts:
Usually hair damage takes place gradually in following stages::
Hair is weakened
Cuticle begins to break down
Cuticle disappears, layer by layer
Cortex is exposed
Split ends appear
Hair breaks.
Is conditioning really that important? YES!
Slows down the natural weathering and wearing down of the cortex
Dry hair lacks moisture, and moisture must be restored to regain the healthy look
Lack of moisture means the number of hydrogen bonds may be reduced
Conditioning re-establishes the hydrogen bonds and improves the moisture content of the hair by improving the weatherproofing of the cuticle

9. Hair Anatomy Basic Hair Care
Step 1: Shampoo hair a minimum of 3 times weekly
Helps to remove dirt and buildup on the hair that can deteriorate the condition of the scalp
Shampoo must be worked through all of the hair
Rinse thoroughly to eliminate any residual detergents that can damage the hair shaft and scalp
Step 2: Condition and moisturize, moisturize, moisturize
After shampooing the hair, condition for 3 to 5 minutes
Correct use of conditioners containing light proteins, such as hydrolyzed human hair keratin proteins, can help strengthen your hair
A good conditioner with these proteins can easily penetrate the hair shaft to replenish nutrients. These proteins can also repair split ends. Split ends develop after the protective cuticle has been stripped away from the end of hair fibers as a result of harsh chemicals or even vigorous brushing
Step 3: Protect the hair from the elements.
Use a leave-in conditioner that contains sun block (UV protector)
Excessive exposure to the sun can damage the hair by inducing oxidation of the sulfur molecules within the hair shaft, leaving the hair weak, brittle, dry and faded. People who bleach or lighten their natural hair color may also notice slight color changes in their hair when it is exposed to sun
Blond hair may turn yellow, fade or become dull due to UV exposure. Even natural brunette hair tends to develop reddish hues from sun exposure due to oxidation of melanin pigments
Step 4: Maintain a healthy diet
Hair requires the same overall nutrition that the body does: plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, grains and protein including lean meat and fish
Dietitians recommend foods high in biotin, including brown rice, bulgar, brewer’s yeast, soybeans, green peas, lentils, oats, sunflower, seeds and nutritious nuts
Nutritionists advise healthy hair seekers to eat well-balanced diets that incorporate healthy proteins along with foods high in vitamins B, C, E, A and K
Hair instantly responds to the addition of protein-rich foods such as meats, eggs, cheese, seeds and nuts. Fish packs a double punch of protein combined with healthbuilding essential fatty acids and natural oils.

10. Hair Anatomy Client Fact Finding
What you should know about your client:
Hair Type and implications for having different types of hair
Salon habits of your client
How often is he/she visiting a salon?
Why types of services? Hair Cut, chemical treatments, other
Hair Care Habits at home
Products
How often shampooing and conditioning hair?
Is he/she doing something to contribute to hair loss?
Heat, tight braids, chemical damage?

11. Hair Anatomy Fun Quiz QUIZ:
What are the 2 types of hair found on the body?
What are the 3 phases of hair growth and how long do they last?
What are the 3 layers of the hair shaft?
What is the difference between the hair follicle and hair shaft?
Why is some hair curly and some straight?
BONUS QUESTIONS:
What is a furuncle?
What is pediculosis capitis? What should you do if you have a client that has this condition?